Update tech_docs/cloud/aws_notes.md
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Here’s the **killer skill set** that combines "boring" fundamentals with cloud-native expertise to make you the **unquestioned SME**—the one who fixes what others can’t, optimizes what others overlook, and becomes indispensable:
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---
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### **1. The "Boring" Fundamentals That Make You Dangerous**
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#### **A. Packet-Level Kung Fu**
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- **Mastery**: `tcpdump`, `Wireshark`, `mtr`
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Diagnose HTTPS handshake failures between ALB and EC2 when Security Groups "look fine."
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- Prove MTU issues causing packet drops in VPN tunnels.
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**Pro Move**:
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```bash
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# Capture TLS handshakes to prove cert mismatches
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sudo tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 443 and (tcp-syn|tcp-ack)!=0' -XX -w tls.pcap
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```
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#### **B. DNS & Routing Wizardry**
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- **Mastery**: `dig`, `route tables`, BGP
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Explain why PrivateLink endpoints resolve but don’t connect (spoiler: missing Route53 private zone associations).
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- Fix Direct Connect flapping by adjusting BGP timers (`keepalive=10`, `hold=30`).
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**Pro Move**:
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```bash
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# Find DNS leaks in hybrid cloud
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dig +short myapp.internal | grep -v '10\.' # Non-RFC1918 responses = bad
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```
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---
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### **2. Cloud-Native Cost Surgery**
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#### **A. Billable Event Forensics**
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- **Mastery**: AWS Cost Explorer, CUR, OpenCost
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Trace a $15k/month spike to orphaned NAT Gateways in unused AZs.
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- Prove dev teams are routing traffic cross-AZ ($$$) when same-AZ paths exist.
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**Pro Move**:
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```sql
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-- Find cross-AZ traffic in CUR
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SELECT line_item_usage_type, SUM(line_item_unblended_cost)
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FROM aws_cur
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WHERE line_item_usage_type LIKE '%DataTransfer-BetweenAZ%'
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GROUP BY 1;
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```
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#### **B. Tagging Dictatorship**
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- **Mastery**: AWS SCPs, AWS Config, Resource Groups
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Force 100% tagging compliance by denying untagged resource creation.
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- Automatically nuke resources with `ExpirationDate=2023-12-31`.
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**Pro Move**:
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```bash
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# Find untagged resources costing >$500/month
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aws ce get-cost-and-usage \
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--time-period Start=2024-01-01,End=2024-01-31 \
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--filter '{"Not": {"Dimensions": {"Key": "ResourceTags:Owner", "Values": ["*"]}}}'
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```
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---
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### **3. Hybrid Cloud Debugging**
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#### **A. VPN/DC Troubleshooting**
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- **Mastery**: `ping -s`, `aws directconnect describe-virtual-interfaces`
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Prove on-prem firewall drops AWS’s ICMP fragmentation needed packets (MTU 1500).
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- Diagnose BGP route flapping with `route -n` and AWS CLI.
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**Pro Move**:
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```bash
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# Test MTU end-to-end (AWS → on-prem)
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ping -M do -s 1472 10.1.1.1 # 1472 + 28 = 1500 bytes
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```
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#### **B. Traffic Mirroring + IDS**
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- **Mastery**: `tcpdump`, Zeek, Suricata
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Mirror suspicious ENI traffic to a security VPC for analysis.
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- Detect cryptojacking via anomalous outbound connections.
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**Pro Move**:
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```bash
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# Mirror traffic to a security appliance
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aws ec2 create-traffic-mirror-target --network-interface-id eni-123abc
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```
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---
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### **4. Automation That Scares People**
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#### **A. CLI-Fu**
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- **Mastery**: AWS CLI + `jq` + `xargs`
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- One-liner to delete all untagged EBS volumes older than 30 days:
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```bash
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aws ec2 describe-volumes \
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--query 'Volumes[?Tags==null && CreateTime<`2024-01-01`].VolumeId' \
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--output text | xargs -I {} aws ec2 delete-volume --volume-id {}
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```
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#### **B. Terraform Modules for Zero-Downtime Changes**
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- **Mastery**: `create_before_destroy`, `count`
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- **Cloud Application**:
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- Swap NACLs without dropping connections:
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```hcl
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resource "aws_network_acl_rule" "new" {
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lifecycle { create_before_destroy = true }
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}
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```
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---
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### **5. The "Soft" Skills That Lock In Your Authority**
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#### **A. Cost Attribution Storytelling**
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- **Mastery**: PowerBI/Grafana dashboards showing cost by team
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- **Pro Move**:
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```sql
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-- PowerBI Query for Team Accountability
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SELECT
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resource_tags_user_team,
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SUM(line_item_unblended_cost) AS cost
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FROM aws_cur
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WHERE line_item_product_code = 'AmazonVPC'
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GROUP BY 1
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ORDER BY cost DESC
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```
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#### **B. Post-Mortem Brutal Honesty**
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- **Template**:
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```markdown
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## Root Cause:
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Untagged NAT Gateway left running in us-west-2 ($1,200 wasted).
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## Fix:
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SCP enforcing `Owner` tag on all EC2 resources.
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## Savings:
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$14,400/year.
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```
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---
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### **Why This Works When Others Fail**
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1. **You Speak Packet-Level Truth**: When the "cloud-native" team says "the Security Groups are open," you show the `tcpdump` proving RST packets.
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2. **You Attribute Costs Ruthlessly**: Finance teams will love you when you prove Team X caused a $50k spike.
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3. **You Automate the Pain Away**: Your scripts make you look like a wizard.
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---
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### **Skill Acquisition Roadmap**
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1. **Week 1-2**: Master `tcpdump` + VPC Flow Logs.
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2. **Week 3-4**: Build a Cost Dashboard with CUR.
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3. **Week 5-6**: Enforce Tagging with SCPs.
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4. **Week 7+**: Automate NACL/SG changes with Terraform.
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---
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### **Final Boss Move**
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Deploy this **NAT Gateway Hunter-Killer Lambda**:
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```python
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import boto3
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def lambda_handler(event, context):
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ec2 = boto3.client('ec2')
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idle_nats = ec2.describe_nat_gateways(Filters=[
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{'Name': 'state', 'Values': ['available']},
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{'Name': 'tag:LastUsed', 'Values': ['<90days-ago>']}
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])
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for nat in idle_nats['NatGateways']:
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ec2.delete_nat_gateway(NatGatewayId=nat['NatGatewayId'])
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```
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*(Saves $1,000/month per idle NAT Gateway)*
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---
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You’re not just another cloud engineer—you’re the **cloud network surgeon** who cuts costs, fixes outages, and owns the untouchable skills. Want me to drill into a specific skill with a hands-on lab?
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---
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Here’s a **FinOps-focused battle plan** to master cloud cost optimization, with specific AWS billable events to hunt down and tools to control them—ensuring your salary stays funded by savings you generate:
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Here’s a **FinOps-focused battle plan** to master cloud cost optimization, with specific AWS billable events to hunt down and tools to control them—ensuring your salary stays funded by savings you generate:
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---
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---
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