From 23c6b075ecd5ca48cf1822415dce8d803252e3e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: medusa Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2025 05:35:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md --- tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md | 144 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 144 insertions(+) create mode 100644 tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md diff --git a/tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md b/tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b3143e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/tech_docs/networking/cloud_networking.md @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ +Here’s a **structured, comprehensive breakdown of cloud networking**, organized into key sections for clarity and depth. We’ll cover foundational concepts, multi-cloud strategies, security, and vendor-specific implementations (AWS, Azure, GCP). + +--- + +# **Cloud Networking: The Complete Outline** +*(Focusing on the 20% that delivers 80% of the value for senior roles)* + +--- + +## **1. Foundational Concepts** +### **1.1 Cloud Networking vs. Traditional Networking** +| **Aspect** | **Traditional Networking** | **Cloud Networking** | +|--------------------------|------------------------------------|------------------------------------| +| **Topology** | Fixed (hardware-based) | Dynamic (software-defined) | +| **Scalability** | Manual provisioning | Auto-scaling | +| **Cost Model** | Capex-heavy | Pay-as-you-go (Opex) | +| **Security** | Perimeter-based (firewalls) | Zero Trust (microsegmentation) | + +### **1.2 Key Cloud Networking Components** +- **Virtual Private Cloud (VPC/VNet/VCN)**: Isolated virtual networks. +- **Subnets & Route Tables**: Segmentation and traffic steering. +- **Load Balancers**: Distribute traffic (ALB, NLB, GLB). +- **Gateways**: Internet (IGW), NAT (NAT-GW), VPN (VGW), and Direct Connect (DX). +- **Peering**: Connect VPCs (e.g., AWS VPC Peering, Azure VNet Peering). + +--- + +## **2. Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Networking** +### **2.1 Hybrid Cloud Connectivity** +- **VPN over Public Internet**: Site-to-site IPSec (AWS VPN, Azure VPN Gateway). +- **Dedicated Private Links**: + - AWS **Direct Connect** / Azure **ExpressRoute** / GCP **Cloud Interconnect**. + - Lower latency, higher reliability than VPN. + +### **2.2 Multi-Cloud Strategies** +- **Transit Hubs**: + - AWS **Transit Gateway** / Azure **Virtual WAN** / GCP **Network Connectivity Center**. + - Simplifies mesh topologies (e.g., 100 VPCs → 1 Transit Gateway). +- **Third-Party Solutions**: + - **Aviatrix** (multi-cloud networking), **Megaport** (private cloud backbone). + +--- + +## **3. Cloud Networking Security** +### **3.1 Zero Trust in the Cloud** +- **Microsegmentation**: + - AWS **Security Groups** / Azure **NSGs** / GCP **Firewall Rules**. +- **Cloud-Native Firewalls**: + - AWS **Network Firewall** / Azure **Firewall** / GCP **Cloud Armor**. + +### **3.2 Encryption & Key Management** +- **In Transit**: TLS/SSL, IPSec (VPNs). +- **At Rest**: AWS **KMS** / Azure **Key Vault** / GCP **Cloud KMS**. + +### **3.3 DDoS Protection** +- AWS **Shield** / Azure **DDoS Protection** / GCP **Cloud Armor**. + +--- + +## **4. Vendor-Specific Implementations** +### **4.1 AWS Networking** +- **Core Services**: + - **VPC**: Regions/AZs, Subnets, NACLs. + - **Route 53**: DNS management. + - **CloudFront**: CDN + edge networking. +- **Advanced Features**: + - **PrivateLink**: Expose services privately (bypass public internet). + - **Global Accelerator**: Improve global app performance. + +### **4.2 Azure Networking** +- **Core Services**: + - **VNet**: Virtual networks with subnets. + - **Azure Load Balancer** (L4) / **Application Gateway** (L7). +- **Hybrid Focus**: + - **ExpressRoute**: Private connection to Azure. + - **Azure Firewall**: Stateful firewall service. + +### **4.3 Google Cloud (GCP) Networking** +- **Core Services**: + - **VPC**: Global (not region-bound like AWS/Azure). + - **Cloud Load Balancing**: Global anycast IPs. +- **Unique Features**: + - **Network Tiers**: Standard (public internet) vs. Premium (Google backbone). + +--- + +## **5. Performance Optimization** +### **5.1 Reducing Latency** +- **Edge Locations**: AWS **Local Zones** / Azure **Edge Zones**. +- **CDNs**: AWS **CloudFront** / Azure **CDN** / GCP **Cloud CDN**. + +### **5.2 Cost Optimization** +- **Egress Cost Control**: + - AWS **VPC Endpoints** (S3, DynamoDB). + - GCP **Private Google Access**. +- **Traffic Mirroring**: AWS **Traffic Mirroring** / Azure **Packet Capture**. + +--- + +## **6. Troubleshooting Cloud Networks** +### **6.1 Top Tools** +- **AWS**: VPC Flow Logs, Reachability Analyzer. +- **Azure**: Network Watcher, Connection Monitor. +- **GCP**: Network Intelligence Center, Firewall Insights. + +### **6.2 Common Issues & Fixes** +| **Issue** | **Debug Tool** | **Solution** | +|----------------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------------| +| **VPC Peering fails** | AWS **Route Analyzer** | Check overlapping CIDR blocks. | +| **High latency to cloud** | Azure **Network Watcher** | Use ExpressRoute instead of VPN. | +| **Egress cost spikes** | GCP **Billing Reports** | Enable Private Google Access. | + +--- + +## **7. Interview Prep: Key Questions** +1. **How does AWS VPC differ from Azure VNet?** + - *AWS VPC is region-scoped; Azure VNet can span regions with global peering.* +2. **What’s the difference between Transit Gateway and VPC Peering?** + - *Peering connects 2 VPCs; Transit Gateway connects 100s (hub-and-spoke).* +3. **How do you secure east-west traffic in the cloud?** + - *Microsegmentation (Security Groups/NSGs) + network encryption (IPSec/TLS).* + +--- + +## **8. Lab & Hands-On Practice** +### **8.1 Recommended Labs** +1. **Build a multi-tier VPC**: Web + App + DB subnets with NAT. +2. **Configure a site-to-cloud VPN**: AWS VPN + on-prem router. +3. **Optimize costs**: Set up VPC endpoints to reduce egress fees. + +### **8.2 Free Tier Resources** +- **AWS**: Free Tier (750 hrs/month of EC2). +- **Azure**: $200 free credit. +- **GCP**: Free Tier (always-free VPC components). + +--- + +## **Next Steps** +1. **Deep dive into your primary cloud provider’s networking certs**: + - AWS **Advanced Networking Specialty** / Azure **Network Engineer** / GCP **Professional Network Engineer**. +2. **Experiment with multi-cloud tools**: Terraform, Aviatrix. +3. **Study real-world architectures**: Netflix’s Open Connect, Spotify’s GCP setup. + +Need **vendor-specific deep dives** or **mock design scenarios**? Let me know! 🌐 \ No newline at end of file