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+## RESTful APIs
+
+---
+marp: true
+theme: gaia
+class: invert
+paginate: true
+title: "Understanding RESTful APIs"
+author: "Your Name"
+date: "CS PhD Seminar"
+style: |
+  section {
+    font-family: 'Arial, sans-serif';
+    color: #ddd;
+  }
+  h1, h2, h3 {
+    color: #4CAF50;
+  }
+  code {
+    background: #333;
+    color: #eee;
+    padding: 0.2em;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+  }
+  .columns {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+    gap: 1rem;
+  }
+---
+
+# Understanding RESTful APIs
+
+## CS PhD Seminar
+
+---
+
+# What is a RESTful API?
+
+- **API (Application Programming Interface)**: A set of rules and protocols for building and interacting with software applications.
+- **REST (Representational State Transfer)**: An architectural style for designing networked applications.
+- **RESTful API**: An API that adheres to the principles of REST.
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Principles of REST
+
+1. **Statelessness**
+2. **Client-Server Architecture**
+3. **Cacheability**
+4. **Layered System**
+5. **Uniform Interface**
+
+![bg right](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Statelessness
+
+- Each request from a client to a server must contain all the information needed to understand and process the request.
+- The server should not store any context about the client between requests.
+
+---
+
+# Client-Server Architecture
+
+- The client and server operate independently.
+- The client makes requests, and the server processes them and returns the appropriate responses.
+
+![bg left](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Cacheability
+
+- Responses from the server should be explicitly labeled as cacheable or non-cacheable.
+- This allows clients to cache responses and reduce the need to make additional requests.
+
+---
+
+# Layered System
+
+- A client cannot ordinarily tell whether it is connected directly to the end server or an intermediary.
+- This promotes scalability by allowing load balancing and shared caching.
+
+---
+
+# Uniform Interface
+
+- Simplifies and decouples the architecture, which enables each part to evolve independently.
+- Key constraints:
+  - Identification of resources (URI)
+  - Manipulation of resources through representations (HTTP methods)
+  - Self-descriptive messages
+  - Hypermedia as the engine of application state (HATEOAS)
+
+---
+
+# HTTP Methods in REST
+
+<div class="columns">
+<div>
+
+### GET
+
+- Retrieve data from a specified resource.
+- Example: `GET /api/users`
+
+</div>
+<div>
+
+### POST
+
+- Submit data to be processed to a specified resource.
+- Example: `POST /api/users`
+
+</div>
+<div>
+
+### PUT
+
+- Update a specified resource.
+- Example: `PUT /api/users/1`
+
+</div>
+<div>
+
+### DELETE
+
+- Delete a specified resource.
+- Example: `DELETE /api/users/1`
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+---
+
+# RESTful API Example
+
+```http
+GET /api/books/1 HTTP/1.1
+Host: example.com
+```
+
+**Response:**
+```json
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "title": "RESTful APIs",
+  "author": "John Doe"
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# Advantages of RESTful APIs
+
+- **Scalability**: Stateless nature helps in scaling.
+- **Flexibility**: Can handle different types of calls and return different data formats.
+- **Independence**: Separation of client and server.
+
+---
+
+# Disadvantages of RESTful APIs
+
+- **Overhead**: HTTP methods and headers add extra overhead.
+- **Statelessness**: Requires every request to be self-contained.
+- **Complexity**: Properly designing and documenting a RESTful API can be complex.
+
+---
+
+# Conclusion
+
+- RESTful APIs are a powerful way to design web services that are scalable, flexible, and maintainable.
+- Understanding the principles and constraints of REST is crucial for designing effective APIs.
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+# Thank you!
+
+---
+
+# Q&A
+
+---
+
+# References
+
+- [Fielding, Roy T. "Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures." Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 2000.](https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/fielding_dissertation.pdf)
+- [REST API Tutorial](https://restfulapi.net/)
+- [RESTful Web Services](https://restfulwebservices.net/)
+
+
+### CSS Presentation on Basic CSS for CS PhD Students
+
+---
+marp: true
+theme: gaia
+class: invert
+paginate: true
+title: "Basic CSS Refresher"
+author: "Your Name"
+date: "CS PhD Seminar"
+style: |
+  section {
+    font-family: 'Arial, sans-serif';
+    color: #ddd;
+  }
+  h1, h2, h3 {
+    color: #4CAF50;
+  }
+  code {
+    background: #333;
+    color: #eee;
+    padding: 0.2em;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+  }
+  .columns {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+    gap: 1rem;
+  }
+---
+
+# Basic CSS Refresher
+
+## CS PhD Seminar
+
+---
+
+# What is CSS?
+
+- **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)**: A language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
+- **Purpose**: CSS handles the visual and aural layout, including colors, fonts, and spacing.
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# CSS Syntax
+
+- **Selector**: Specifies the HTML element(s) to be styled.
+- **Declaration Block**: Contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
+- **Declaration**: Consists of a property and a value, separated by a colon.
+
+```css
+selector {
+  property: value;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# Selectors
+
+- **Element Selector**: Selects all elements of a given type.
+  ```css
+  p {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Class Selector**: Selects elements with a specific class.
+  ```css
+  .classname {
+    color: green;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **ID Selector**: Selects an element with a specific ID.
+  ```css
+  #idname {
+    color: red;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Colors and Backgrounds
+
+- **Color Property**: Sets the text color.
+  ```css
+  p {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Background Color**:
+  ```css
+  body {
+    background-color: #333;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Background Image**:
+  ```css
+  body {
+    background-image: url('background.jpg');
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Fonts and Text
+
+- **Font Family**:
+  ```css
+  p {
+    font-family: 'Arial, sans-serif';
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Font Size**:
+  ```css
+  h1 {
+    font-size: 2em;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Text Alignment**:
+  ```css
+  h1 {
+    text-align: center;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Box Model
+
+- **Content**: The innermost part where text and images appear.
+- **Padding**: Clears an area around the content.
+- **Border**: Goes around the padding.
+- **Margin**: Clears an area outside the border.
+
+```css
+div {
+  padding: 20px;
+  border: 5px solid #ccc;
+  margin: 10px;
+}
+```
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Layout and Positioning
+
+- **Display Property**: Specifies how an element is displayed.
+  ```css
+  .inline {
+    display: inline;
+  }
+  .block {
+    display: block;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Position Property**: Specifies the type of positioning method.
+  ```css
+  .relative {
+    position: relative;
+    top: 10px;
+    left: 10px;
+  }
+  .absolute {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 10px;
+    left: 10px;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Flexbox
+
+- **Container**:
+  ```css
+  .flex-container {
+    display: flex;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Items**:
+  ```css
+  .flex-item {
+    flex: 1;
+  }
+  ```
+
+![bg right](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Grid Layout
+
+- **Container**:
+  ```css
+  .grid-container {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Items**:
+  ```css
+  .grid-item {
+    padding: 20px;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements
+
+- **Pseudo-class**: Applies to elements based on their state.
+  ```css
+  a:hover {
+    color: red;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Pseudo-element**: Styles specific parts of an element.
+  ```css
+  p::first-line {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Conclusion
+
+- **CSS Basics**: Essential for designing and styling web pages
+
+### Complete Marp Markdown Presentation on Basic CSS for CS PhD Students
+
+
+---
+marp: true
+theme: gaia
+class: invert
+paginate: true
+title: "Basic CSS Refresher"
+author: "Your Name"
+date: "CS PhD Seminar"
+style: |
+  section {
+    font-family: 'Arial, sans-serif';
+    color: #ddd;
+  }
+  h1, h2, h3 {
+    color: #4CAF50;
+  }
+  code {
+    background: #333;
+    color: #eee;
+    padding: 0.2em;
+    border-radius: 5px;
+  }
+  .columns {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+    gap: 1rem;
+  }
+---
+
+# Basic CSS Refresher
+
+## CS PhD Seminar
+
+---
+
+# What is CSS?
+
+- **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)**: A language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML.
+- **Purpose**: CSS handles the visual and aural layout, including colors, fonts, and spacing.
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# CSS Syntax
+
+- **Selector**: Specifies the HTML element(s) to be styled.
+- **Declaration Block**: Contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.
+- **Declaration**: Consists of a property and a value, separated by a colon.
+
+```css
+selector {
+  property: value;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+# Selectors
+
+- **Element Selector**: Selects all elements of a given type.
+  ```css
+  p {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Class Selector**: Selects elements with a specific class.
+  ```css
+  .classname {
+    color: green;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **ID Selector**: Selects an element with a specific ID.
+  ```css
+  #idname {
+    color: red;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Colors and Backgrounds
+
+- **Color Property**: Sets the text color.
+  ```css
+  p {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Background Color**:
+  ```css
+  body {
+    background-color: #333;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Background Image**:
+  ```css
+  body {
+    background-image: url('background.jpg');
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Fonts and Text
+
+- **Font Family**:
+  ```css
+  p {
+    font-family: 'Arial, sans-serif';
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Font Size**:
+  ```css
+  h1 {
+    font-size: 2em;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Text Alignment**:
+  ```css
+  h1 {
+    text-align: center;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Box Model
+
+- **Content**: The innermost part where text and images appear.
+- **Padding**: Clears an area around the content.
+- **Border**: Goes around the padding.
+- **Margin**: Clears an area outside the border.
+
+```css
+div {
+  padding: 20px;
+  border: 5px solid #ccc;
+  margin: 10px;
+}
+```
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Layout and Positioning
+
+- **Display Property**: Specifies how an element is displayed.
+  ```css
+  .inline {
+    display: inline;
+  }
+  .block {
+    display: block;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Position Property**: Specifies the type of positioning method.
+  ```css
+  .relative {
+    position: relative;
+    top: 10px;
+    left: 10px;
+  }
+  .absolute {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 10px;
+    left: 10px;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Flexbox
+
+- **Container**:
+  ```css
+  .flex-container {
+    display: flex;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Items**:
+  ```css
+  .flex-item {
+    flex: 1;
+  }
+  ```
+
+![bg right](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+---
+
+# Grid Layout
+
+- **Container**:
+  ```css
+  .grid-container {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Items**:
+  ```css
+  .grid-item {
+    padding: 20px;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Pseudo-classes and Pseudo-elements
+
+- **Pseudo-class**: Applies to elements based on their state.
+  ```css
+  a:hover {
+    color: red;
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Pseudo-element**: Styles specific parts of an element.
+  ```css
+  p::first-line {
+    color: blue;
+  }
+  ```
+
+---
+
+# Conclusion
+
+- **CSS Basics**: Essential for designing and styling web pages.
+- **Selectors**: Fundamental for targeting HTML elements.
+- **Box Model**: Crucial for layout and design.
+- **Advanced Layouts**: Flexbox and Grid offer powerful ways to create complex layouts.
+
+![bg](https://via.placeholder.com/800x600)
+
+# Thank you!
+
+---
+
+# Q&A
+
+---
+
+# References
+
+- [MDN Web Docs on CSS](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS)
+- [W3Schools CSS Tutorial](https://www.w3schools.com/css/)
+- [CSS Tricks](https://css-tricks.com/)
+
+
+This presentation covers the fundamental aspects of CSS, using a dark theme and incorporating images, code snippets, and a two-column layout. This format should be engaging and informative for a group of CS PhD students.
+
+---
+
 # MARP Rresentations
 
 ---