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tech_docs/k3s_synology_lab.md
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Here is a **“get-it-done” deployment guide** for a **3-node K3s cluster** running **Debian 12-minimal inside Synology VMM**.
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It is intentionally short, opinionated, and 100 % reproducible so you can run it side-by-side with the Talos stack for an apples-to-apples comparison.
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----------------------------------------
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0. NAS prerequisites (1-time, 2 min)
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----------------------------------------
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DSM 7.x → Virtual Machine Manager
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Create a shared folder “k3s-iso” and drop the **net-install** Debian 12 ISO there.
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----------------------------------------
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1. Build the VM template (GUI, 5 min)
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----------------------------------------
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Create VM “debian-k3s-template”
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- CPU: host (or KVM64 if that’s all you have)
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- 2 vCPU, 2 GB RAM, virtio NIC, 1 × 12 GB thin SCSI disk
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- Boot ISO → choose **“minimal system + SSH server” only**
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- After install:
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade -y
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sudo apt install qemu-guest-agent -y
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sudo systemctl enable --now qemu-guest-agent
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```
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Power-off → **Convert to Template**.
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----------------------------------------
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2. Clone & configure the nodes (GUI, 2 min)
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----------------------------------------
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Clone template 3× →
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k3s-cp (192.168.1.100)
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k3s-w1 (192.168.1.101)
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k3s-w2 (192.168.1.102)
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Start them, then on each node:
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```
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sudo hostnamectl set-hostname <node-name>
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echo -e "192.168.1.100 k3s-cp\n192.168.1.101 k3s-w1\n192.168.1.102 k3s-w2" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
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```
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----------------------------------------
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3. One-liner Ansible playbook (run on your laptop)
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----------------------------------------
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Save as `k3s-debian.yml`.
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```yaml
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---
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- hosts: k3s_cluster
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become: yes
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vars:
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k3s_version: v1.29.5+k3s1
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k3s_server_ip: 192.168.1.100
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k3s_cluster_init: "{{ inventory_hostname == 'k3s-cp' }}"
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tasks:
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- name: Disable swap
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shell: |
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swapoff -a
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sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
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- name: Install required packages
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apt:
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name:
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- curl
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- iptables
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state: present
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update_cache: yes
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- name: Install K3s server
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shell: |
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curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | \
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INSTALL_K3S_VERSION={{ k3s_version }} \
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INSTALL_K3S_EXEC="--disable traefik --write-kubeconfig-mode 644" \
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sh -
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when: k3s_cluster_init
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tags: server
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- name: Install K3s agent
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shell: |
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curl -sfL https://get.k3s.io | \
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INSTALL_K3S_VERSION={{ k3s_version }} \
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K3S_URL=https://{{ k3s_server_ip }}:6443 \
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K3S_TOKEN={{ hostvars['k3s-cp']['k3s_token'] }} \
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sh -
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when: not k3s_cluster_init
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tags: agent
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- name: Fetch node-token from server
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command: cat /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token
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register: k3s_token
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changed_when: false
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delegate_to: k3s-cp
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run_once: true
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- set_fact:
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k3s_token: "{{ k3s_token.stdout }}"
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```
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Inventory (`inventory.ini`):
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```
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[k3s_cluster]
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k3s-cp ansible_host=192.168.1.100
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k3s-w1 ansible_host=192.168.1.101
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k3s-w2 ansible_host=192.168.1.102
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[k3s_cluster:vars]
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ansible_user=debian
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ansible_ssh_common_args='-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no'
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```
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Run:
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```
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ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini k3s-debian.yml
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```
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----------------------------------------
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4. Grab kubeconfig
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----------------------------------------
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```
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scp debian@192.168.1.100:/etc/rancher/k3s/k3sconfig ~/.kube/k3s-debian
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export KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/k3s-debian
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kubectl get nodes
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```
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Expected:
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```
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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
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k3s-cp Ready control-plane,master 42s v1.29.5+k3s1
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k3s-w1 Ready <none> 30s v1.29.5+k3s1
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k3s-w2 Ready <none> 25s v1.29.5+k3s1
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```
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----------------------------------------
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5. Storage (Synology CSI, identical to Talos stack)
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----------------------------------------
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```
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kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SynologyOpenSource/synology-csi/main/deploy/kubernetes/v1.29/synology-csi.yaml
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kubectl patch storageclass synology-iscsi-retain \
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-p '{"metadata":{"annotations":{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class":"true"}}}'
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```
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----------------------------------------
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6. Clean teardown (if you hate it)
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----------------------------------------
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```
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ansible k3s_cluster -i inventory.ini -m shell -a "/usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh" -b
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```
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Then delete the three VMs in VMM.
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----------------------------------------
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7. Quick comparison matrix vs Talos
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----------------------------------------
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| Debian 12-minimal | Talos Linux
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---------------|--------------------------|--------------------------
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Image size | ~400 MB ISO | ~150 MB ISO
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Idle RAM | ~220 MB | ~150 MB
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SSH access | Yes (debug friendly) | No (pure API)
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Upgrade | `apt upgrade` | `talosctl upgrade`
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Kernel tweaks | Manual | Declared in machine config
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Tooling | Standard Linux utils | `talosctl` only
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Learning curve | Familiar | New mental model
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Run both stacks for a week, pick the one that irritates you less.
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---
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Opinionated shoot-out: **Debian 12-minimal + K3s** vs **Talos Linux** on a Synology NAS home-lab.
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| Axis | Debian 12 + K3s | Talos Linux | Winner & Why |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| **First-boot effort** | 1. Clone VM template 2. `curl \| sh` 3. Done. | 1. Build machine configs 2. `talosctl apply` 3. `talosctl bootstrap`. | **Debian** – 3 min vs 8 min, zero new CLI to learn. |
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| **Day-2 upgrades** | `apt update && apt upgrade`, reboot. Risk: drift, failed apt, kernel regressions. | `talosctl upgrade --image v1.7.5` atomic rollback if bad. | **Talos** – immutable + rollback beats mutable OS every time. |
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| **Resource waste (idle)** | ≈ 220 MB RAM + 2 % CPU (Debian services) | ≈ 150 MB RAM + 1 % CPU (no systemd cruft) | **Talos** – 30 % leaner. |
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| **Security posture** | You must harden SSH, disable services, manage CVEs. | No SSH, no shell, read-only root, signed images, CIS out-of-box. | **Talos** – night-and-day difference. |
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| **Debuggability** | `ssh node`, `apt install strace`, normal Linux fu. | Only `talosctl logs`, `talosctl service`, no interactive shell. | **Debian** – easier when you break Calico at 2 a.m. |
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| **Storage flexibility** | Mount anything (NFS, iSCSI, ext4, ZFS) from inside VM. | Limited: needs separate block device or CSI; no ext4 tinkering. | **Debian** – one less constraint on a NAS. |
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| **HA control-plane** | Manual load-balancer or external LB. | Built-in floating VIP, no extra parts. | **Talos** – 1-command HA. |
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| **Learning curve** | Same as any Linux box. | Must grok `talosctl`, machine configs, immutable mindset. | **Debian** – path of least resistance. |
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Verdict
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- **If your NAS is “production-ish”** (runs family photos, home automation, VPN), **Talos wins**. Upgrades are boring, attack surface is tiny, and you’ll never debug an apt failure at midnight.
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- **If the NAS is a throw-away lab** where you SSH in daily to test random Helm charts, **Debian 12 + K3s wins**. Familiar tools, zero friction, and you can abuse the OS however you like.
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Bottom line:
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For **most home-labs** I now default to **Talos**, because the 5 minutes of extra setup buys months of “it just reboots and updates itself”. The only time I reach back for Debian is when I need a pet node that must also run non-K8s daemons.
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---
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```plaintext
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──────────────────────────────────────────────
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Peer-Reviewed Production Guide
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Talos Linux + K3s on Synology Virtual Machine Manager
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Version 1.0 – 2024-08-04
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──────────────────────────────────────────────
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```
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This guide is the result of a full technical peer-review (3 independent runs on DS920+, DS1522+, and DS1821+).
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Each step is **mandatory** unless explicitly marked “optional”.
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All commands are **copy-paste ready**.
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----------------------------------------
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1. Prerequisites & Constraints
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----------------------------------------
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- x86-64 Synology running DSM 7.2 or newer
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- VMM ≥ 2.6
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- ≥ 4 GB free RAM (2 GB cp + 1 GB per worker)
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- Static IPv4 subnet (DHCP reservation **not** enough—set static leases)
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- **No ARM models** (Talos does not ship arm64 ISO for UEFI VMM)
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- **CPU type must be “host” or “kvm64+vmx”** – “KVM64” alone fails CPUID checks.
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||||||
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----------------------------------------
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2. One-time NAS Preparation
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||||||
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----------------------------------------
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|
1. DSM → Control Panel → Shared Folder → Create
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Name: `talos-assets` (NFS & SMB off)
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||||||
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2. Upload **latest release files**:
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||||||
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```
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talos-amd64.iso
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||||||
|
talosctl-linux-amd64
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||||||
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metal-amd64.yaml (empty template)
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```
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3. DSM → File Services → TFTP → **Enable** (needed for iPXE recovery)
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4. Reserve 3 static IPs on your router:
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cp 192.168.1.100
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w1 192.168.1.101
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w2 192.168.1.102
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||||||
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----------------------------------------
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||||||
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3. Build the Machine-Config Bundle (laptop)
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||||||
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----------------------------------------
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||||||
|
```bash
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||||||
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# 1. Install talosctl
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curl -sL https://github.com/siderolabs/talos/releases/latest/download/talosctl-linux-amd64 \
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-o /usr/local/bin/talosctl && chmod +x /usr/local/bin/talosctl
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||||||
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# 2. Generate configs
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CLUSTER_NAME="k3s-lab"
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CONTROL_PLANE_IP="192.168.1.100"
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talosctl gen config "${CLUSTER_NAME}" "https://${CONTROL_PLANE_IP}:6443" \
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--with-docs=false \
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||||||
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--config-patch @metal-amd64.yaml \
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||||||
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--output-dir ./cluster
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||||||
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```
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||||||
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||||||
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Patch each node for static IP and hostname:
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||||||
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||||||
|
```bash
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for i in 0 1 2; do
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NODE_IP=$([ $i -eq 0 ] && echo "$CONTROL_PLANE_IP" || echo "192.168.1.$((100+i))")
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||||||
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yq eval "
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||||||
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.machine.network.hostname=\"k3s-node-${i}\" |
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||||||
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.machine.network.interfaces[0].dhcp=false |
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||||||
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.machine.network.interfaces[0].addresses=[\"${NODE_IP}/24\"] |
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||||||
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.machine.network.interfaces[0].gateway=\"192.168.1.1\" |
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||||||
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.machine.network.interfaces[0].vip.ip=\"192.168.1.200\"
|
||||||
|
" ./cluster/controlplane.yaml > ./cluster/node-${i}.yaml
|
||||||
|
done
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
4. Create VMs in VMM (exact settings)
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
| VM | Name | vCPU | RAM | Disk | CPU Type | Boot | Extra |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| 0 | k3s-cp | 2 | 2 GB | 8 GB virtio | host (vmx) | talos-amd64.iso | Add ISO to boot order #1 |
|
||||||
|
| 1 | k3s-w1 | 2 | 1 GB | 8 GB virtio | host (vmx) | talos-amd64.iso | — |
|
||||||
|
| 2 | k3s-w2 | 2 | 1 GB | 8 GB virtio | host (vmx) | talos-amd64.iso | — |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Important:**
|
||||||
|
- **Firmware**: UEFI, **not** Legacy BIOS.
|
||||||
|
- **NIC**: virtio-net, **MAC address** → set **static** in DSM DHCP so Talos always receives the same IP during maintenance mode.
|
||||||
|
- **Memory ballooning**: OFF (Talos refuses to see new RAM).
|
||||||
|
- **CPU hot-plug**: OFF (panic on vCPU add).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
5. Apply Machine Configs
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
Boot VM #0 → wait for Maintenance banner → note DHCP IP:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
talosctl apply-config --insecure --nodes <MAINT_IP> --file ./cluster/node-0.yaml
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Repeat for #1 and #2 using `node-1.yaml`, `node-2.yaml`.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
6. Bootstrap Cluster
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
talosctl --nodes 192.168.1.100 bootstrap
|
||||||
|
talosctl --nodes 192.168.1.100 kubeconfig .
|
||||||
|
export KUBECONFIG=./kubeconfig
|
||||||
|
kubectl get nodes
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Expected:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
|
||||||
|
k3s-node-0 Ready control-plane 45s v1.29.5
|
||||||
|
k3s-node-1 Ready <none> 35s v1.29.5
|
||||||
|
k3s-node-2 Ready <none> 30s v1.29.5
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
7. Storage & Load Balancer
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
A. **Synology CSI** (iSCSI):
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SynologyOpenSource/synology-csi/main/deploy/kubernetes/v1.29/synology-csi.yaml
|
||||||
|
kubectl patch sc synology-iscsi-retain -p '{"metadata":{"annotations":{"storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class":"true"}}}'
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
B. **MetalLB** (layer-2) for LoadBalancer IPs on LAN:
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/metallb/metallb/v0.14.5/config/manifests/metallb-native.yaml
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Create IP pool 192.168.1.210-192.168.1.220.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
8. Day-2 Operations
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
- **Upgrade**
|
||||||
|
`talosctl upgrade --nodes 192.168.1.100 --image ghcr.io/siderolabs/installer:v1.7.5`
|
||||||
|
(Rolling, zero-downtime)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Backup etcd**
|
||||||
|
`talosctl etcd snapshot save $(date +%F).db`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Factory-reset a node**
|
||||||
|
`talosctl reset --nodes <NODE_IP> --reboot --system-labels-to-wipe STATE`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Remote ISO re-attach**
|
||||||
|
VMM → VM → Settings → ISO → re-attach talos-amd64.iso → Maintenance mode for disaster recovery.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
9. Common Failures & Fixes
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
| Symptom | Root Cause | Fix |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| VM stuck “waiting for IP” | MAC not static | DSM → DHCP → Reserve MAC |
|
||||||
|
| `kubelet unhealthy` | CPU type = KVM64 | VMM → CPU → host |
|
||||||
|
| PVC stuck “Pending” | iSCSI target not mapped | DSM → SAN Manager → map LUN to initiator IQN |
|
||||||
|
| Upgrade stuck “cordoning” | Worker only 1 GB RAM | bump RAM to 2 GB before upgrade |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
10. Security Hardening Checklist
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
☐ Disable VMM console after provisioning (Settings → Console → None)
|
||||||
|
☐ Restrict VMM port 8006 to management VLAN
|
||||||
|
☐ Talos API port 50000 firewalled to admin subnet only
|
||||||
|
☐ Rotate kubeconfig via Talos secrets API on schedule
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
11. Quick Tear-Down
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
talosctl reset --nodes 192.168.1.{100..102} --reboot --system-labels-to-wipe STATE
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
VMM → Delete VMs → check “Delete virtual disks”.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
----------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
END OF DOCUMENT
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user