diff --git a/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md b/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md index f2de34e..151cdb1 100644 --- a/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md +++ b/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md @@ -1,3 +1,231 @@ +### Working with Data Formats and Databases in Go + +Go provides robust support for working with various data formats like CSV, JSON, and databases. Here’s a detailed overview of what Go provides for each: + +### CSV + +#### Standard Library: `encoding/csv` + +The `encoding/csv` package is part of the Go standard library and is used for reading and writing CSV files. + +- **Reading CSV Files**: Use `csv.NewReader` to read data from a CSV file. +- **Writing CSV Files**: Use `csv.NewWriter` to write data to a CSV file. + +### JSON + +#### Standard Library: `encoding/json` + +The `encoding/json` package provides functionalities to encode and decode JSON data. + +- **Reading JSON Files**: Use `json.Unmarshal` to parse JSON data into Go structs. +- **Writing JSON Files**: Use `json.Marshal` or `json.NewEncoder` to convert Go structs into JSON. + +### Databases + +#### SQL Databases + +Go provides excellent support for SQL databases via the `database/sql` package and various drivers for specific databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQLite. + +- **Connecting to Databases**: Use `sql.Open` to connect to a database. +- **Executing Queries**: Use methods like `Query`, `QueryRow`, and `Exec` to execute SQL queries. +- **Handling Results**: Use `Rows` and `Row` to handle query results. + +#### NoSQL Databases + +Go also supports NoSQL databases like MongoDB through third-party packages. + +- **Connecting to MongoDB**: Use the `mongo-go-driver` package. +- **CRUD Operations**: Use methods like `InsertOne`, `Find`, and `DeleteOne` for basic operations. + +### Working with YAML + +#### Third-Party Library: `go-yaml/yaml` + +The `go-yaml/yaml` package is a popular choice for encoding and decoding YAML data. + +- **Reading YAML Files**: Use `yaml.Unmarshal` to parse YAML data into Go structs. +- **Writing YAML Files**: Use `yaml.Marshal` to convert Go structs into YAML. + +### Markdown + +#### Third-Party Library: `gomarkdown/markdown` + +Go does not have a built-in package for Markdown, but third-party libraries like `gomarkdown/markdown` can be used. + +- **Rendering Markdown**: Use `markdown.ToHTML` to convert Markdown content to HTML. + +### Detailed Overview of Go's Capabilities + +## Deep Dive into Golang + +### Language Design + +Golang, or Go, is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. It is syntactically similar to C but with memory safety, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency. + +#### Key Features + +1. **Simplicity and Readability**: Go has a clean syntax and a small set of keywords. +2. **Concurrency**: Built-in support through goroutines and channels. +3. **Garbage Collection**: Automatic memory management. +4. **Strong Typing**: Ensures type safety and reduces runtime errors. +5. **Standard Library**: Extensive and well-documented, covering networking, file I/O, text processing, and more. + +### Language Syntax + +#### Variable Declarations + +Go supports both explicit and implicit variable declarations. + +- Explicit: `var a int = 42` +- Implicit: `b := 42` + +#### Control Structures + +Go provides typical control structures like `if`, `for`, `switch`, and `select`. + +### Concurrency + +Concurrency is a core feature of Go, making it particularly well-suited for building scalable systems. + +- **Goroutines**: Lightweight threads managed by the Go runtime. +- **Channels**: Used for communication between goroutines. + +### Memory Management + +Go has a garbage collector that automatically handles memory allocation and deallocation, reducing the risk of memory leaks and pointer errors. + +### Standard Library + +Go's standard library is one of its greatest strengths, providing robust support for various tasks. + +#### `net/http` + +The `net/http` package is used for building web servers and clients. + +#### `encoding/json` + +The `encoding/json` package is used for JSON encoding and decoding. + +### Error Handling + +Go uses a unique error handling approach. Functions return errors as values, which must be checked explicitly. + +### Interfaces + +Interfaces in Go provide a way to specify the behavior of objects. If a type implements all the methods in an interface, it implicitly implements that interface. + +### Packages + +Go encourages modular design. Code is organized into packages. + +### Deployment + +Go compiles to a single binary, making deployment straightforward. The `go build` command compiles the source code into an executable. + +### Tooling + +- **Go Modules**: Dependency management system. +- **Go fmt**: Code formatting tool. +- **Go vet**: Static analysis tool to check for errors. +- **Go doc**: Documentation tool. +- **Go test**: Testing framework. + +### Advanced Topics + +#### Reflection + +Reflection in Go is provided by the `reflect` package and allows inspecting the type and value of variables at runtime. + +#### Generics (Coming in Go 1.18) + +Generics enable writing flexible and reusable code without sacrificing type safety. They allow defining functions, types, and data structures with placeholders for types. + +### Performance + +Go is designed for performance: +- **Compiled Language**: Go is compiled to machine code, providing fast execution. +- **Efficient Concurrency**: Goroutines and channels are highly efficient, making concurrent programming easier and faster. + +### Conclusion + +Go is a powerful language with a rich feature set that includes strong typing, garbage collection, concurrency support, and an extensive standard library. It is particularly well-suited for system programming, web development, and building scalable, concurrent applications. By leveraging Go's features and tooling, developers can write efficient, reliable, and maintainable code. + +--- + +## Go Syscall Package + +### Overview +The `syscall` package in Go provides an interface for low-level system calls. It's part of the Go standard library but has been somewhat deprecated in favor of `golang.org/x/sys/unix`. However, understanding `syscall` is still beneficial for legacy code or very low-level operations. + +### Common Functions +- **syscall.Syscall**: Calls a system service by its index. +- **syscall.ForkExec**: Runs a new process with forks and execs. +- **syscall.Getpid**: Returns the process ID of the calling process. + +## Go os/exec Package + +### Overview +The `os/exec` package runs external commands and interacts with them. + +### Common Functions +- **exec.Command**: Creates a new command to run. +- **cmd.Run**: Runs the command and waits for it to finish. +- **cmd.Output**: Runs the command and returns its standard output. + +## Go os/signal Package + +### Overview +The `os/signal` package allows for handling of Unix signals. + +### Common Functions +- **signal.Notify**: Registers the given channel to receive notifications of specified signals. +- **signal.Stop**: Stops the given channel from receiving notifications. + +## Go os Package + +### Overview +The `os` package provides a platform-independent interface to operating system functionality. + +### Common Functions +- **os.Open**: Opens a file for reading. +- **os.Create**: Creates a new file. +- **os.Remove**: Removes a file or directory. +- **os.Getenv**: Retrieves the value of an environment variable. + +## Go net Package + +### Overview +The `net` package provides a portable interface for network I/O, including TCP/IP, UDP, domain name resolution, and Unix domain sockets. + +### Common Functions +- **net.Dial**: Connects to a network address. +- **net.Listen**: Listens for network connections. +- **net.Accept**: Accepts network connections on a listener. + +## Go unix Package + +### Overview +The `golang.org/x/sys/unix` package provides a more comprehensive interface for Unix system calls compared to the `syscall` package. + +### Common Functions +- **unix.Socket**: Creates an endpoint for communication. +- **unix.Bind**: Binds a name to a socket. +- **unix.Listen**: Listens for connections on a socket. +- **unix.Accept**: Accepts a connection on a socket. + +### Resources + +1. **[Go Syscall Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/syscall)** +2. **[Go os/exec Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/os/exec)** +3. **[Go os/signal Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/os/signal)** +4. **[Go os Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/os)** +5. **[Go net Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/net)** +6. **[Go unix Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sys/unix)** + +These guides should help you get started with each package and provide a solid foundation for building more complex Go applications that interact with the operating system and network. + +--- + Go offers robust support for working with various data formats like CSV, JSON, and databases. Here’s a detailed overview of what Go provides for each: ### CSV