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@@ -43,82 +43,118 @@ This guide provides a step-by-step process for creating the `homelab.local` Acti
- Configure Active Directory Time Synchronization to ensure consistent time across the domain. - Configure Active Directory Time Synchronization to ensure consistent time across the domain.
2. **Organizational Units (OUs) and Structure:** 2. **Organizational Units (OUs) and Structure:**
- Top-level OUs: - Design the OU structure based on functional roles and business requirements:
- `CyberLab`: Contains resources and sub-OUs related to cybersecurity research, testing, and tools. - Create top-level OUs for major areas, such as `CyberLab`, `HomeDevices`, `NAS`, and `Users`.
- `HomeDevices`: Includes sub-OUs for managing personal computers, laptops, smart devices, and IoT devices. - Organize sub-OUs within each top-level OU to reflect specific functions or device types, such as `VulnerableEnvironments`, `SecureEnvironments`, and `ToolsRepository` under `CyberLab`.
- `NAS`: Organizes network-attached storage (NAS) resources and data storage sub-OUs. - Use descriptive and meaningful names for OUs and sub-OUs to ensure clarity and understanding.
- `Users`: Manages user accounts, permissions, and group memberships.
- Sub-OUs under `CyberLab`: - Implement a hierarchical OU structure for efficient management:
- `VulnerableEnvironments`: Contains intentionally vulnerable systems and applications for testing and research. - Place objects with similar management and security requirements in the same OU or sub-OU.
- `SecureEnvironments`: Includes hardened systems and secure configurations for reference and comparison. - Use a hierarchical structure to inherit policies and permissions from parent OUs to child OUs.
- `ToolsRepository`: Stores and manages cybersecurity tools, scripts, and utilities. - Avoid creating a flat OU structure, as it can lead to management and security challenges.
- Sub-OUs under `HomeDevices`: - Use OUs for Group Policy Object (GPO) application:
- `PersonalComputers`: Contains objects representing personal desktop computers. - Link GPOs at the appropriate OU level to apply specific configurations and security settings to objects within that OU.
- `Laptops`: Includes objects representing personal laptop devices. - Create separate GPOs for each major area or function, such as CyberLab, HomeDevices, NAS, and Users.
- `SmartDevices`: Contains objects representing smart home devices and appliances. - Use security filtering and item-level targeting to refine GPO application based on specific criteria, such as security group membership or device type.
- `IoTDevices`: Includes objects representing Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
- Sub-OUs under `NAS`: - Implement access control and delegation:
- `MediaLibrary`: Organizes and manages media files, such as movies, music, and photos. - Use Access Control Lists (ACLs) to control permissions and access to OUs and their objects.
- `PersonalStorage`: Contains individual user folders for personal data storage. - Delegate administrative control over specific OUs or sub-OUs to trusted individuals or teams based on their roles and responsibilities.
- `LabDataStore`: Stores and manages data related to cybersecurity lab experiments and projects. - Use the principle of least privilege when delegating control, granting only the necessary permissions to perform required tasks.
- `Backups`: Contains backup data and configuration for the NAS and other critical systems.
Additional Considerations: - Regularly review and maintain the OU structure:
- Create additional sub-OUs based on specific requirements and granular management needs. - Conduct periodic reviews of the OU structure to ensure it remains aligned with organizational requirements and security best practices.
- Implement Group Policy Objects (GPOs) at the OU level for targeted configuration and security settings. - Remove unnecessary or obsolete OUs and sub-OUs to maintain a clean and efficient structure.
- Use Access Control Lists (ACLs) to control permissions and access to OUs and their objects. - Monitor and audit changes to the OU structure to detect and prevent unauthorized modifications.
- Regularly review and update the OU structure to ensure it aligns with evolving organizational requirements.
- Implement OU-level security policies:
- Configure OU-level security policies to enforce specific security settings and restrictions for objects within each OU.
- Use OU-level policies to implement security baselines, such as password complexity requirements, account lockout settings, and user rights assignments.
- Regularly review and update OU-level security policies to align with evolving security best practices and organizational requirements.
- Use OUs for reporting and auditing:
- Leverage OUs to generate targeted reports and audits based on specific areas or functions.
- Use OU-based reporting to monitor and track object modifications, group membership changes, and other relevant events.
- Implement auditing at the OU level to capture and log critical activities and changes for security and compliance purposes.
- Implement OU-based backup and recovery:
- Configure backup and recovery processes at the OU level to ensure granular and efficient restoration of objects and settings.
- Use OU-based backup and recovery to minimize the impact of accidental deletions or modifications.
- Regularly test and validate the effectiveness of OU-based backup and recovery processes to ensure data integrity and availability.
Thank you for your feedback. Let's refactor items 3 and 4 to provide more specific recommendations based on best practices while leveraging the existing information in the document.
3. **Security Groups and User Accounts:** 3. **Security Groups and User Accounts:**
- Security Groups: - Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) using security groups:
- `LabAdmins`: Grants full administrative access to CyberLab resources and management. - Create separate security groups for each role or function, such as `LabAdmins`, `LabUsers`, `FamilyMembers`, `MediaUsers`, and `GuestUsers`.
- `LabUsers`: Provides limited access to specific CyberLab environments and tools based on job roles and responsibilities. - Assign users to the appropriate security groups based on their job roles and access requirements.
- `FamilyMembers`: Allows access to HomeDevices and personal storage on the NAS. - Use group nesting to simplify permission management, where applicable. For example, nest `LabUsers` within `LabAdmins` to inherit permissions.
- `MediaUsers`: Grants read-only access to the media library on the NAS.
- `GuestUsers`: Offers restricted access to the guest network and resources.
- Admin Accounts: - Follow the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP):
- `admin-john@homelab.local`: Primary domain administrator account for managing the Active Directory environment and critical resources. - Grant users and security groups only the permissions necessary to perform their tasks.
- `admin-jane@homelab.local`: Secondary domain administrator account for backup and redundancy purposes. - Regularly review and audit user permissions to ensure they align with their current roles and responsibilities.
- Remove unnecessary permissions and group memberships promptly when no longer needed.
- Family User Accounts: - Implement strong password policies:
- `john.doe@homelab.local`: Personal user account for John Doe. - Enforce a minimum password length of 14 characters.
- `jane.doe@homelab.local`: Personal user account for Jane Doe. - Require the use of complex passwords that include a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
- `alice.doe@homelab.local`: Personal user account for Alice Doe. - Enable password history to prevent the reuse of recent passwords.
- Set a maximum password age of 60 days to ensure regular password changes.
- Configure account lockout policies to protect against brute-force attacks, such as locking an account after 5 failed attempts for 30 minutes.
- Guest Account: - Secure privileged accounts:
- `guest@homelab.local`: Generic guest account with limited permissions for temporary or visitor access. - Use separate admin accounts (`admin-john@homelab.local` and `admin-jane@homelab.local`) for administrative tasks.
- Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all privileged accounts.
- Implement privileged access management (PAM) solutions to securely manage and monitor privileged account activities.
- Regularly rotate and update passwords for privileged accounts.
Additional Considerations: - Implement user account lifecycle management:
- Implement principle of least privilege (PoLP) by granting users only the permissions necessary for their roles. - Establish a formal process for user account creation, modification, and deletion.
- Use security group nesting to simplify permission management and reduce administrative overhead. - Automate user account provisioning and deprovisioning processes to ensure consistency and reduce errors.
- Implement fine-grained password policies for different security groups based on their sensitivity and criticality. - Regularly review and audit user accounts to identify and remove inactive, stale, or unnecessary accounts.
- Enable account lockout policies to protect against brute-force attacks and unauthorized access attempts.
- Regularly review and audit user accounts and group memberships to ensure they remain accurate and relevant.
- Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for privileged accounts and sensitive resources.
- Use privileged access management (PAM) solutions to securely manage and monitor privileged accounts.
- Conduct regular security awareness training for users to promote best practices and reduce security risks.
These expanded sections provide more context, details, and relevant data for the PDC and SDC configuration, organizational units and structure, and security groups and user accounts. The additional considerations offer further guidance and best practices to enhance the overall security and management of the Active Directory environment. - Conduct security awareness training:
- Educate users about password best practices, such as not sharing passwords, using strong and unique passwords, and avoiding phishing attempts.
- Provide training on identifying and reporting suspicious activities or security incidents.
- Regularly update and reinforce security awareness training to keep users informed about the latest threats and best practices.
### Step 4: Network Configuration and Security 4. **Network Configuration and Security:**
1. **VLANs and Subnets:** - Implement network segmentation using VLANs:
- `VLAN 10`: CyberLab - `192.168.10.0/24` - Create separate VLANs for different purposes, such as `VLAN 10` for CyberLab, `VLAN 20` for HomeDevices, `VLAN 30` for NAS, `VLAN 40` for Management, and `VLAN 50` for Guest.
- `VLAN 20`: HomeDevices - `192.168.20.0/24` - Use Layer 3 switching or routing to enable inter-VLAN communication where necessary.
- `VLAN 30`: NAS - `192.168.30.0/24` - Implement access control lists (ACLs) or firewall rules to restrict traffic between VLANs based on the principle of least privilege.
- `VLAN 40`: Management - `192.168.40.0/24`
- `VLAN 50`: Guest - `192.168.50.0/24`
2. **Firewall Rules:** - Secure the management VLAN:
- Allow inbound traffic on `VLAN 10` for RDP (TCP/3389), SSH (TCP/22), and HTTP(S) (TCP/80, TCP/443) - Restrict access to the management VLAN (`VLAN 40`) to authorized administrators only.
- Allow outbound traffic on `VLAN 10` to `VLAN 30` for NAS access (SMB, NFS) - Use strong authentication methods, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA), for accessing management interfaces.
- Allow inbound traffic on `VLAN 20` for RDP (TCP/3389) and HTTP(S) (TCP/80, TCP/443) - Implement logging and monitoring for all management activities.
- Allow outbound traffic on `VLAN 20` to `VLAN 30` for NAS access (SMB, NFS)
- Restrict traffic between `VLAN 50` (Guest) and other VLANs - Configure granular firewall rules:
- Implement strict firewall rules for each sub-OU within the `CyberLab` based on specific requirements - Implement firewall rules to allow specific inbound traffic on each VLAN as necessary, such as RDP (TCP/3389), SSH (TCP/22), and HTTP(S) (TCP/80, TCP/443) on `VLAN 10` and `VLAN 20`.
- Restrict outbound traffic from each VLAN to only the necessary destinations and ports, such as allowing `VLAN 10` and `VLAN 20` to access `VLAN 30` for NAS access (SMB, NFS).
- Implement strict firewall rules for the CyberLab sub-OUs (`VulnerableEnvironments`, `SecureEnvironments`, and `ToolsRepository`) based on their specific access requirements.
- Secure wireless networks:
- Implement strong wireless security protocols, such as WPA3-Enterprise, to protect wireless communication.
- Use separate SSIDs and VLANs for different purposes, such as guest access and corporate access.
- Implement MAC address filtering to allow only authorized devices to connect to the wireless network.
- Regularly update wireless access points and client devices to the latest firmware and security patches.
- Monitor and log network activities:
- Implement a centralized logging solution, such as a SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) system, to collect and analyze network logs.
- Configure logging for critical events, such as failed login attempts, unauthorized access attempts, and configuration changes.
- Regularly review and monitor network logs to identify potential security incidents or anomalies.
- Conduct regular network security assessments:
- Perform periodic vulnerability scans and penetration tests to identify and address potential security weaknesses.
- Use automated tools and manual testing techniques to assess the security posture of the network infrastructure.
- Remediate identified vulnerabilities promptly and validate the effectiveness of the remediation measures.
- Implement network access control (NAC):
- Deploy a NAC solution to enforce security policies and ensure that only authorized and compliant devices can access the network.
- Configure NAC policies to check for device health, patch levels, and security configurations before granting network access.
- Regularly update and refine NAC policies to align with changing security requirements and best practices.
### Step 5: NAS Configuration and Access ### Step 5: NAS Configuration and Access
1. **NAS Device:** 1. **NAS Device:**