From 8a315584e1f30867ff120398f0f73d227489368d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: medusa <newton214@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2025 08:32:11 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Update tech_docs/golang_getting_started.md

---
 ...g_started.md => golang_getting_started.md} | 243 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 242 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 rename tech_docs/{go_getting_started.md => golang_getting_started.md} (90%)

diff --git a/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md b/tech_docs/golang_getting_started.md
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rename from tech_docs/go_getting_started.md
rename to tech_docs/golang_getting_started.md
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--- a/tech_docs/go_getting_started.md
+++ b/tech_docs/golang_getting_started.md
@@ -3833,4 +3833,245 @@ func main() {
 5. **[Go net Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/net)**
 6. **[Go unix Package Documentation](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sys/unix)**
 
-These guides should help you get started with each package and provide a solid foundation for building more complex Go applications that interact with the operating system and network.
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+These guides should help you get started with each package and provide a solid foundation for building more complex Go applications that interact with the operating system and network.
+
+---
+
+You got it\! Here's a comprehensive Golang coding standards document, adhering to the established structure and principles, with a strong emphasis on Go's idiomatic practices and the tools that enforce them.
+
+-----
+
+# Golang Coding Standards Documentation
+
+## Introduction
+
+This document outlines our conventions and best practices for writing **Golang (Go) code**. By adhering to these standards, we ensure our projects are **consistent, readable, maintainable, and performant**. This approach fosters **seamless team collaboration**, **reduces debugging time**, and **improves overall code reliability and scalability**.
+
+Our guidelines are heavily influenced by the official Go documentation, including ["Effective Go"](https://go.dev/doc/effective_go) and ["Go Code Review Comments"](https://go.dev/wiki/CodeReviewComments), and are designed to be enforced by standard Go tools.
+
+-----
+
+## Code Formatting
+
+Go has strong opinions on formatting, largely enforced by its tooling.
+
+### 1\. `gofmt` and `goimports`
+
+  * **Description**: **Always run `gofmt`** on your code. It automatically formats Go source code according to the official style. **Always run `goimports`** (which includes `gofmt`) to also manage import paths (adding missing ones, removing unused ones, and organizing them).
+  * **Benefit**: Eliminates debates over formatting, ensures consistency across the entire codebase, and streamlines dependencies.
+  * **Usage**: Configure your IDE/editor to run `goimports` on save. From the command line:
+    ```bash
+    goimports -w .
+    ```
+
+### 2\. Line Length
+
+  * **No Hard Limit**: Unlike some languages, Go doesn't have a strict line length limit (like 80 characters). However, strive for **reasonable line lengths** that are easy to read without horizontal scrolling. If a line becomes too long, consider breaking it into multiple lines using natural Go syntax (e.g., after commas, operators, opening parentheses).
+  * **Benefit**: Promotes readability and avoids awkward line breaks that `gofmt` might otherwise introduce.
+
+### 3\. Blank Lines
+
+  * **Logical Grouping**: Use blank lines to separate logical sections of code within functions or between related function definitions.
+  * **Imports**: `goimports` will handle blank lines between standard library, third-party, and internal imports automatically.
+  * **Usage**:
+    ```go
+    package main
+
+    import (
+    	"fmt" // Standard library
+    	"net/http"
+    	"time"
+
+    	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin" // Third-party
+    )
+
+    // Two blank lines before top-level declarations
+    type User struct {
+    	ID   int
+    	Name string
+    }
+
+    func main() {
+    	// One blank line for logical separation
+    	router := gin.Default()
+    	router.GET("/users/:id", getUserHandler)
+    	router.POST("/users", createUserHandler)
+
+    	// Another logical separation
+    	server := &http.Server{
+    		Addr:         ":8080",
+    		Handler:      router,
+    		ReadTimeout:  10 * time.Second,
+    		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+    	}
+
+    	fmt.Println("Server starting on :8080")
+    	server.ListenAndServe()
+    }
+    ```
+
+-----
+
+## Naming Conventions
+
+Go's naming conventions are crucial, especially for controlling visibility (exporting).
+
+### 1\. Visibility (Exporting)
+
+  * **`PascalCase` (first letter capitalized)**:
+      * **Description**: For **exported** (publicly visible) names: packages, types, functions, methods, and variables that should be accessible from outside their defining package.
+      * **Usage**: `MyStruct`, `GetUserByID`, `ErrNotFound`
+  * **`camelCase` (first letter lowercase)**:
+      * **Description**: For **unexported** (private to the package) names: types, functions, methods, and variables.
+      * **Usage**: `myHelperFunction`, `userCache`, `errorHandler`
+
+### 2\. General Naming Guidelines
+
+  * **Descriptive and Concise**: Names should be clear but also succinct. Avoid unnecessary verbosity.
+      * **Bad**: `get_user_by_unique_identifier_from_database`
+      * **Good**: `GetUserByID`, `fetchUser`
+  * **Acronyms**: Keep acronyms (e.g., `ID`, `HTTP`, `URL`, `API`) consistently cased.
+      * **Exported**: `userID`, `httpClient` (NOT `userId`, `httpClient`)
+      * **Unexported**: `apiConfig` (NOT `APIConfig` unless it's a type)
+  * **Receiver Names (Methods)**:
+      * **Description**: In method declarations, the receiver variable name should be short, usually one or two letters, and consistent across methods of the same type.
+      * **Usage**: `(u *User)`, `(s *Server)`
+  * **Interface Names**:
+      * **Description**: If an interface has a single method, its name is typically the method name plus `er` (e.g., `Reader`, `Writer`, `Closer`).
+      * **Usage**: `io.Reader`, `fmt.Stringer`
+  * **Package Names**:
+      * **Description**: Package names should be short, all lowercase, and reflect the package's purpose (e.g., `http`, `fmt`, `json`, `user`, `auth`). Avoid `_` or `.` in package names.
+      * **Usage**: `package main`, `package models`, `package utils`
+
+-----
+
+## Comments and Docstrings
+
+Good documentation in Go means clear explanations for exported entities.
+
+### 1\. Comments (`//`)
+
+  * **Descriptive**: Use comments to explain **why** a piece of code exists, or to clarify complex logic. Avoid commenting on obvious code.
+  * **Concise**: Keep comments brief and to the point.
+  * **Up-to-Date**: Ensure comments are updated if the code changes.
+  * **Usage**:
+    ```go
+    // Loop through connections, attempting to reconnect with exponential backoff.
+    for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
+        if err := connectToDatabase(); err == nil {
+            break // Successfully connected
+        }
+        time.Sleep(time.Duration(2<<i) * time.Second) // Exponential backoff
+    }
+    ```
+
+### 2\. Docstrings (Godoc Style)
+
+  * **Exported Entities**: All exported (publicly visible) packages, functions, methods, types (structs, interfaces), and variables **must** have a docstring. Unexported entities generally do not require docstrings unless their purpose is unusually complex.
+  * **First Sentence**: The first sentence should be a concise summary starting with the name of the documented entity.
+  * **Usage**: Place docstrings immediately before the entity they describe.
+      * **Package Doc**: A comment just before `package [name]` in one of the package's files.
+        ```go
+        // Package user provides functionality for managing user accounts.
+        package user
+        ```
+      * **Function/Method Doc**:
+        ```go
+        // GetUserByID retrieves a user from the database by their ID.
+        // It returns the user object and an error if the user is not found
+        // or a database issue occurs.
+        func GetUserByID(id int) (*User, error) {
+            // ...
+        }
+        ```
+      * **Struct/Interface Doc**:
+        ```go
+        // User represents a user account in the system.
+        type User struct {
+            ID       int
+            Username string
+            Email    string
+        }
+        ```
+  * **`go doc`**: Docstrings are read by the `go doc` command and rendered on `pkg.go.dev`.
+
+-----
+
+## Best Practices and Principles
+
+These principles guide our overall approach to writing effective, performant, and maintainable Go code.
+
+### 1\. Error Handling
+
+  * **Explicit Error Returns**: Go functions explicitly return errors as the last return value.
+  * **Nil Checks**: Always check for `nil` errors after a function call that returns an error. Do not ignore errors.
+  * **Error Wrapping**: Use `fmt.Errorf` with `%w` to wrap errors, providing a chain of context.
+  * **Custom Error Types**: Define custom error types for specific error conditions when standard errors are insufficient.
+  * **Usage**:
+    ```go
+    func ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
+        data, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
+        if err != nil {
+            // Wrap the error to add context
+            return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read file %q: %w", filename, err)
+        }
+        return data, nil
+    }
+
+    func processFile() {
+        data, err := ReadFile("nonexistent.txt")
+        if err != nil {
+            // Check if it's a specific type of error
+            if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+                log.Printf("File not found: %v", err)
+            } else {
+                log.Printf("An unexpected error occurred: %v", err)
+            }
+            return
+        }
+        fmt.Println(string(data))
+    }
+    ```
+
+### 2\. Concurrency (Goroutines and Channels)
+
+  * **`go` Keyword**: Use `go` to launch goroutines for concurrent execution.
+  * **Channels**: Use channels to safely communicate and synchronize between goroutines. Do not use shared memory directly without explicit synchronization (e.g., `sync.Mutex`).
+  * **`select` Statement**: Use `select` to handle multiple channel operations (e.g., waiting for data or a timeout).
+  * **`context` Package**: Pass `context.Context` (with `Done()`, `Err()`, `Value()`) to goroutines for cancellation and passing request-scoped values.
+  * **Avoid Global State**: Minimize reliance on global variables; pass necessary data as arguments or via channels.
+
+### 3\. Defer Statements
+
+  * **Resource Cleanup**: Use `defer` to ensure resources (like file handles, database connections, mutexes) are properly closed or released when the surrounding function returns.
+  * **Usage**:
+    ```go
+    func openAndProcessFile(filename string) error {
+        file, err := os.Open(filename)
+        if err != nil {
+            return fmt.Errorf("could not open file: %w", err)
+        }
+        defer file.Close() // Ensures file is closed when function exits
+
+        // Process file...
+        return nil
+    }
+    ```
+
+### 4\. Package Structure
+
+  * **Small and Focused**: Keep packages small and focused on a single responsibility.
+  * **Clear Dependencies**: Avoid circular dependencies between packages.
+  * **Internal Package**: Use an `internal/` directory for code that should only be imported by packages within the same repository.
+  * **Cmd Package**: For executable applications, place `main.go` files inside `cmd/[app-name]/`.
+
+### 5\. Linter and Static Analysis Tools
+
+  * **`golangci-lint`**: Use `golangci-lint` (or similar) in your CI/CD pipeline and locally during development. This tool aggregates many Go linters (e.g., `staticcheck`, `go vet`, `nilaway`) and helps enforce best practices beyond just formatting.
+  * **Benefit**: Catches common errors, identifies potential bugs, and enforces style guidelines automatically.
+
+-----
+
+## Conclusion
+
+By diligently applying these **Golang coding standards**, we ensure our code is not only functional but also **highly readable, maintainable, and robust**. This commitment to quality coding practices promotes a more efficient development workflow, reduces technical debt, and strengthens the overall quality and reliability of our software projects.
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