Update tech_docs/python/python_deep_dive.md

tech_docs/python/python_deep_dive.md

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+Sure! Let’s break it down into simpler, more digestible pieces:
+
+### 1. **Double Underscore Methods (Dunder Methods)**
+These are special methods in Python that have **two underscores** on each side, like `__init__()`. Python uses them automatically for specific operations, so you don’t normally call them directly.
+
+- **Examples**: 
+  - `__init__()` is used when you create a new instance of a class (like a constructor).
+  - `__len__()` is used when you call `len()` on an object.
+  
+These methods let you customize how objects behave with Python’s built-in functions.
+
+### 2. **Single Leading Underscore (_name)**
+A **single underscore** at the start of a name (e.g., `_name`) is a **convention** to say, "Hey, this is internal! Don’t mess with it unless you really need to." It’s like a "soft privacy" signal to other programmers.
+
+- **Example**: If you see `_internal_data`, it’s not strictly private, but it’s meant to be used internally within the class or module.
+
+### 3. **Double Leading Underscore (__name)**
+A **double underscore** at the start of a name (e.g., `__name`) triggers **name mangling**. This means Python changes the name behind the scenes to avoid conflicts in subclasses. It’s a way to prevent accidental name collisions.
+
+- **Example**: If you define `__private_var` in a class, Python will rename it to something like `_ClassName__private_var`, making it harder to accidentally override it in subclasses.
+
+### 4. **Double Leading and Trailing Underscore (__name__)**
+If something has **double underscores on both sides**, like `__init__` or `__len__`, it’s a **special system method** that Python uses. Don’t name your own methods like this unless you’re overriding a built-in method on purpose.
+
+- **Example**: Python already has a method like `__str__()` that defines how an object is printed. You can customize this in your own class to change how it looks when printed.
+
+### 5. **Single Trailing Underscore (name_)**
+When you see a **single trailing underscore** (e.g., `class_`), it’s used to avoid conflicts with Python’s reserved words or built-in functions.
+
+- **Example**: `class` is a reserved keyword in Python, so if you need a variable with that name, you can use `class_` instead.
+
+### 6. **No Underscore (Public Names)**
+If a name has **no underscores**, like `name`, it’s just a regular attribute or method, and it’s intended for public use.
+
+- **Example**: `self.name = "John"` in a class means that anyone using this class can access the `name` attribute.
+
+### How To Use This:
+
+- If you see a method with `__double_underscores__`, it’s special and built into Python.
+- Use a single leading underscore `_name` to tell others, "This is internal! Handle with care."
+- Use double leading underscores `__name` when you want to protect something from being easily overridden in a subclass.
+- Avoid naming anything with double underscores on both sides unless you're overriding a special behavior.
+
+---
+
+Does this help clarify things? Let me know if any part is still unclear!
+
+---
+
 Certainly! Here's a clear **outline** that summarizes the key concepts we've discussed. You can use this as a reference to track these important items:
 
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