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### **Max Compression/Decompression Stress Test: 1-Second Cycle**
#### **Objective**:
To determine how *Culex pipiens* mosquitoes respond to rapid, repeated 1-second cycles of maximum compression and decompression, focusing on the most extreme dynamic conditions.
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### **Experimental Setup**:
- **Syringe Size**: 5 mL
- **Initial Pressure**: 101.325 kPa (standard atmospheric pressure)
- **Final Pressure**: 505.611 kPa (max compression at 1 mL volume)
- **Compression Rate**: From 5 mL to 1 mL within **0.5 seconds**.
- **Decompression Rate**: From 1 mL to 5 mL within **0.5 seconds**.
- **Cycle Time**: 1-second total per cycle (0.5 seconds for compression, 0.5 seconds for decompression).
- **Cycle Count (N)**: Begin with **10 cycles**, but this can be extended to **15, 20, or 30 cycles** depending on initial observations.
- **Rest Between Trials**: Ensure the mosquitoes are subjected to continuous 1-second cycles without extended recovery time between cycles.
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### **Procedure**:
1. **Max Compression in 0.5 Seconds**:
- Compress the syringe from 5 mL to 1 mL as rapidly as possible (0.5 seconds).
- Immediately transition to decompression after reaching 1 mL.
2. **Max Decompression in 0.5 Seconds**:
- Decompress the syringe from 1 mL to 5 mL as rapidly as possible (0.5 seconds).
- Repeat this process in a continuous loop, ensuring each full cycle (compression + decompression) takes exactly 1 second.
3. **Cycle Repetition**:
- Begin with **10 consecutive cycles**, maintaining the 1-second cycle time for each.
- If survival rates allow, continue increasing to **15, 20, or 30 cycles**.
4. **Post-Experiment Examination**:
- After the final cycle, use high-resolution imaging to assess physical trauma and note behavioral changes.
- Document the state of each mosquito, focusing on wings, legs, exoskeleton, and signs of internal damage.
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### **Key Variables for 1-Second Cycle Testing**:
| Mosquito ID | Cycle Count | Compression Rate | Behavioral Changes | Physical Damage | Survival |
|-------------|-------------|------------------|--------------------|----------------|----------|
| M1 | 10 cycles | 1 second | Immobilized by cycle 5 | Wing tears, minor cracks | Yes |
| M2 | 15 cycles | 1 second | No movement by cycle 7 | Exoskeleton cracks, leg damage | No |
| M3 | 20 cycles | 1 second | Severe disorientation | Ruptured exoskeleton | No |
#### **Behavioral and Physical Variables to Track**:
- **Behavioral Response**: Track how quickly the mosquitoes become disoriented or immobilized during the continuous cycle process.
- **Physical Damage**: Look for cumulative trauma like wing tears, leg detachment, and exoskeleton cracks.
- **Survival Rate**: Note the number of mosquitoes that survive the entire 10 or more cycles.
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### **Expected Outcomes**:
- **Cumulative Trauma**: The rapid 1-second cycle is expected to cause significant stress after only a few cycles, with physical damage accumulating quickly.
- **Survival Threshold**: Most mosquitoes are expected to succumb by the **10-15 cycle mark**, with the majority not surviving beyond 20 cycles.
- **Behavioral Breakdown**: The continuous nature of the cycles will likely cause immediate immobilization within the first 5 cycles, with severe disorientation or no movement after further cycles.
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### **Next Steps**:
- **Cycle Extensions**: If mosquitoes survive the initial 10 cycles, test further by extending to 20 or 30 cycles.
- **Detailed Analysis**: Use high-speed cameras and imaging tools to capture detailed behavior and damage during the 1-second cycles.
- **Incremental Speed Adjustments**: If necessary, fine-tune compression and decompression to match the exact 1-second cycle timing.
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# **Mosquito Pressure Experiment Report**
### **Objective**: