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Here's a basic `.vimrc` file structured with documentation and functionality, including some commonly used settings and plugins. This example assumes you're using Vim 8+ or Neovim, which has built-in package management capabilities. You can further customize it according to your preferences.
```bash
" .vimrc - Basic Configuration
" Author: [Your Name]
" Last Modified: [Date]
" Ensure compatibility with older Vim versions
if version < 700
echo "You need Vim 7.0 or greater"
finish
endif
" Prevent loading this file more than once
if exists("g:loaded_vimrc")
finish
endif
let g:loaded_vimrc = 1
" ==============================================================================
" General Settings
" ==============================================================================
" Set UTF-8 encoding
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencoding=utf-8
" Use system clipboard
set clipboard=unnamedplus
" Enable syntax highlighting
syntax on
" Set tabs and spaces preferences for indentation
set tabstop=4 " Number of visual spaces per TAB
set softtabstop=4 " Number of spaces in tab when editing
set shiftwidth=4 " Number of spaces to use for autoindent
set expandtab " Convert tabs to spaces
" Enable line numbers
set number
" Enable relative line numbers
set relativenumber
" Highlight current line
set cursorline
" Enable mouse support
set mouse=a
" Disable swap files
set noswapfile
" ==============================================================================
" Search Settings
" ==============================================================================
" Highlight search results
set hlsearch
" Case-insensitive searching
set ignorecase
" Case-sensitive if contains uppercase
set smartcase
" Incremental search
set incsearch
" ==============================================================================
" Visual Settings
" ==============================================================================
" Set color scheme
colorscheme desert
" Enable 256 colors
set t_Co=256
" Set status bar
set laststatus=2
" ==============================================================================
" Plugin Management (Using Vim 8+ package feature)
" ==============================================================================
" Specify directory for plugins (change '~/.vim' to '~/.config/nvim' for Neovim)
execute "set runtimepath^=~/.vim/pack/plugins/start"
" Plug: vim-plug installation and setup
" Note: For automatic installation, refer to vim-plug documentation
" ==============================================================================
" Plugins Configuration
" ==============================================================================
" Plug 'tpope/vim-surround' " Surround text with characters
" Plug 'preservim/nerdtree' " File system explorer
" Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'do': { -> fzf#install() } } " Fuzzy finder
" ==============================================================================
" Key Bindings
" ==============================================================================
" Map leader key to space
let mapleader=" "
" NERDTree toggle
nnoremap <leader>n :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
" ==============================================================================
" Custom Functions
" ==============================================================================
" Add your custom Vim functions here
" ==============================================================================
" Autocommands
" ==============================================================================
" Auto-close NERDTree on closing Vim if it's the last window
autocmd vimexit * if !argc() | NERDTreeClose | endif
" ==============================================================================
" Final Touches
" ==============================================================================
" Filetype plugin indent on
filetype plugin indent on
" Enable spell checking for certain file types
autocmd FileType gitcommit,markdown setlocal spell
" ==============================================================================
" End of .vimrc
" ==============================================================================
```
This `.vimrc` example includes essential configurations for a smooth and efficient Vim experience, such as UTF-8 encoding, tab settings, line numbering, and search behaviors. It also outlines the use of Vim's package feature for plugin management, though the actual installation of plugins like `vim-plug` would require additional steps not covered directly in this file.
For each plugin listed (e.g., `vim-surround`, `nerdtree`, `fzf`), you would typically clone the plugin's repository into the specified directory or use a plugin manager like `vim-plug` to automate their installation and updates.
Remember, this is a starting point. As you grow more comfortable with Vim and your personal workflow evolves, you'll likely add, remove, or tweak these settings to better suit your needs.