Update tech_docs/pseudocode.md

tech_docs/pseudocode.md

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+# **Precision Pseudocode Engineering Guide**  
+*A Systems Approach to Algorithm Design Without Ambiguity*  
+
+---
+
+## **1. Core Principles of Precision Pseudocode**  
+**Objective**: Create executable-like instructions that balance human readability with technical rigor.  
+
+### **Non-Negotiable Rules**  
+1. **Atomic Operations**: Each line must perform exactly one logical action.  
+2. **Type-Aware**: Variables must have explicit types (even if imaginary).  
+3. **Bounded Contexts**: Scope all operations within defined boundaries.  
+4. **Deterministic Outputs**: Same inputs → same outputs, always.  
+
+---
+
+## **2. Pseudocode Object Model**  
+*(All pseudocode components are objects with literals.)*  
+
+| Object          | Required Literals              | Example                          |  
+|-----------------|--------------------------------|----------------------------------|  
+| `Variable`      | `name`, `type`, `value`        | `counter: Int = 0`               |  
+| `Function`      | `name`, `params`, `return_type`| `def sqrt(x: Float) → Float`     |  
+| `Loop`          | `iterator`, `range`, `exit_cond` | `for i in 0..<n: `             |  
+| `Conditional`   | `condition`, `scope`           | `if x > threshold: `             |  
+
+---
+
+## **3. Constraint-Driven Syntax**  
+### **A. Variable Declarations**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Ambiguous  
+set x to 10  
+
+# GOOD: Type-bound  
+x: Int = 10  # Explicit 32-bit signed integer  
+```  
+**Constraint Enforcement**:  
+- Reject untyped variables.  
+- Use IEEE standard type names (`Float64`, `UInt8`).  
+
+### **B. Function Definitions**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Unbounded behavior  
+function process_data(input):  
+
+# GOOD: Precise contracts  
+function process_data(input: List[Float]) → Boolean:  
+    """Returns True if normalization succeeds."""  
+```  
+**Constraints**:  
+- Parameter/return types required.  
+- Single-responsibility principle (one function = one transformation).  
+
+### **C. Control Flow**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Unbounded loop  
+repeat until done:  
+
+# GOOD: Explicit exit conditions  
+while iterations < max_iterations and error > tolerance:  
+```  
+**Constraints**:  
+- All loops must have:  
+  - A defined iterator (`i`, `index`)  
+  - A hard exit condition (`i < n`, `error < 1e-6`)  
+
+---
+
+## **4. Precision Patterns**  
+### **Pattern 1: Mathematical Operations**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Implicit casting  
+result = a / b  
+
+# GOOD: Type-aware  
+result: Float = Float(a) / Float(b)  # Force floating-point division  
+```  
+
+### **Pattern 2: Error Handling**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Silent failures  
+file = open("data.txt")  
+
+# GOOD: Bounded recovery  
+try:  
+    file: File = open("data.txt", mode="r")  
+except FileNotFoundError:  
+    log_error("Missing file")  
+    return False  
+```  
+
+### **Pattern 3: Data Transformations**  
+```python  
+# BAD: Ambiguous filtering  
+filter invalid entries  
+
+# GOOD: Literal-based  
+valid_entries: List[Data] = [  
+    entry for entry in dataset  
+    if entry.timestamp >= min_date and entry.value is not None  
+]  
+```  
+
+---
+
+## **5. Validation Checklist**  
+Before finalizing pseudocode, verify:  
+
+1. [ ] **All variables have explicit types**.  
+2. [ ] **All loops and conditionals have exit conditions**.  
+3. [ ] **Functions define input/output contracts**.  
+4. [ ] **No implicit type conversions exist**.  
+5. [ ] **Error cases are bounded and handled**.  
+
+---
+
+## **6. Example: Robust Search Algorithm**  
+```python  
+function binary_search(arr: List[Int], target: Int) → Int:  
+    """Returns index of target in sorted array, or -1 if not found."""  
+    left: Int = 0  
+    right: Int = len(arr) - 1  
+
+    while left <= right:  
+        mid: Int = left + (right - left) // 2  # Prevent overflow  
+        if arr[mid] == target:  
+            return mid  
+        elif arr[mid] < target:  
+            left = mid + 1  
+        else:  
+            right = mid - 1  
+
+    return -1  # Explicit failure signal  
+```  
+
+**Key Precision Techniques Applied**:  
+- Type annotations (`Int`, `List[Int]`).  
+- Overflow-safe midpoint calculation.  
+- Hard exit condition (`left <= right`).  
+- Deterministic return values (no `None`).  
+
+---
+
+## **7. Anti-Patterns to Eliminate**  
+| Ambiguity          | Precision Fix                  |  
+|---------------------|--------------------------------|  
+| "Handle errors"     | `try/except` with logged cases |  
+| "Process data"      | `function normalize(data: List[Float]) → Bool` |  
+| "Repeat until done" | `while iterations < max_iter:` |  
+
+---
+
+## **8. Tooling for Enforcement**  
+1. **Linters**: Custom rules to flag:  
+   - Untyped variables.  
+   - Unbounded loops.  
+2. **Templates**:  
+   ```python  
+   # Function template  
+   function [name]([param: Type]) → ReturnType:  
+       """[One-sentence purpose]"""  
+       [Preconditions]  
+       [Bounded operations]  
+       [Postconditions]  
+   ```  
+
+---
+
+## **9. Final Output**  
+**Input Chaos**:  
+*"Find the largest number in a list, but sometimes the list has bad data."*  
+
+**Precision Pseudocode**:  
+```python  
+function find_max_valid(values: List[Optional[Float]]) → Float:  
+    """Returns the maximum non-null value in a list.  
+    Raises ValueError if no valid values exist."""  
+    max_val: Float = -inf  
+    valid_count: Int = 0  
+
+    for value in values:  
+        if value is not None:  
+            valid_count += 1  
+            if value > max_val:  
+                max_val = value  
+
+    if valid_count == 0:  
+        raise ValueError("No valid values in input")  
+    return max_val  
+```  
+
+**Why This Works**:  
+- Handles `null`/`None` explicitly.  
+- Uses IEEE float standards (`-inf` as initializer).  
+- Fails loudly with a descriptive error.  
+
+---
+
+### **Summary**  
+> "Precision pseudocode isn’t code—it’s **constrained thought engineering**.  
+> Define the literals, enforce the boundaries, and the logic will write itself."  
+
+**Next Step**: Apply this template to your domain by replacing:  
+- `List[Int]` → Your data structures  
+- `Float` → Your measurement units  
+- `try/except` → Your error recovery protocols
+
+---
+
 pseudocode examples
 Pseudocode is a simple way of expressing programming logic in plain language. It's a valuable tool to outline algorithms, aiding in understanding and problem-solving without using specific programming language syntax.
 Why Use Pseudocode?