To refine our discussion into a final draft for setting up an Active Directory (AD) domain `homelab.local` for your home, including a detailed cybersecurity lab and efficient management of your home network, NAS, laptops, and other IT equipment, we'll structure the guide with precise steps and configurations.

# Final Guide: Setting Up `homelab.local` AD Domain

## Introduction

This guide outlines the process for creating an Active Directory (AD) domain, `homelab.local`, tailored for a comprehensive home network that includes personal devices, a cybersecurity lab, network-attached storage (NAS), and various IT and server equipment. It focuses on security, management, and operational efficiency.

## Domain Configuration

### Step 1: Domain and Controller Setup

1. **Primary Domain Controller (PDC):** Choose a dedicated or virtual server with sufficient resources to run Windows Server. This server will manage the `homelab.local` domain.
   
2. **Secondary Domain Controller (SDC):** Optional but recommended for redundancy. Can be less resource-intensive and also runs Windows Server.

### Step 2: Organizational Units (OUs) and Structure

1. **Create OUs for Major Areas:**
   - `CyberLab`: For cybersecurity research and testing.
   - `HomeDevices`: For personal and home devices.
   - `NAS`: For network-attached storage access and management.
   - `Users`: For managing user accounts and permissions.

2. **Define Sub-OUs:**
   - Under `CyberLab`: Create `Testing Environments`, `Research`, `Tools`.
   - Under `NAS`: Create `Media`, `Personal Storage`, `Lab Data`.

### Step 3: Security Groups and User Accounts

1. **Establish Security Groups:**
   - `LabAdmins`, `FamilyMembers`, `MediaAccess`, `Guests`, with permissions tailored to their needs.

2. **Create User Accounts:**
   - Setup `Admin Account(s)` for AD and resource management.
   - Create individual `Family User Accounts` and `Guest Accounts` as needed.

### Step 4: Network Configuration and Security

1. **Segment LAN/WLAN:**
   - Differentiate between `CyberLab` and `HomeDevices` networks for security and traffic isolation.

2. **Implement Firewall Rules:**
   - Control traffic between network segments, especially protecting `CyberLab` resources.

### Step 5: NAS Configuration and Access

1. **Set Up Storage Areas:**
   - Allocate `Media`, `Personal Storage`, and `Lab Data` areas within the NAS, setting appropriate access permissions for each user or group.

### Step 6: Group Policy Objects (GPOs)

1. **Define Key Policies:**
   - Enforce a strong `Password Policy`.
   - Set an `Update Policy` for automatic Windows updates.
   - Apply `Software Restrictions` to limit installations on personal and home devices.

## Enhanced Mermaid Diagram

To accompany the final guide, the following Mermaid diagram provides a visual representation of the `homelab.local` setup:

```mermaid
graph TD;
    A[PDC: homelab.local] -->|Manages| B[CyberLab]
    A -->|Manages| C[HomeDevices]
    A -->|Manages| D[NAS]
    A -->|Manages| E[Users]

    B --> F[Testing Environments]
    B --> G[Research]
    B --> H[Tools]

    C --> I[Personal Laptops]
    C --> J[Smart Home Devices]

    D --> K[Media]
    D --> L[Personal Storage]
    D --> M[Lab Data]

    E --> N[Admins]
    E --> O[Family]
    E --> P[Guests]

    N --> Q[Admin Account]
    O --> R[Family User Accounts]
    P --> S[Guest Accounts]
```

## Conclusion

This guide and diagram serve as a comprehensive blueprint for setting up a secure and efficient Active Directory domain for your home network and cybersecurity lab. By following these steps, you can create a well-organized, manageable environment that supports both your professional and personal digital activities.