To improve your CLI skills, focusing on efficiency and mastery of shell commands, here are some tips and techniques: 1. **Use Aliases:** Create aliases for commonly used commands to save time. For example: ```sh alias cdp='cd ..' alias ll='ls -la' alias v='vim' ``` Add these to your `~/.bashrc` or `~/.zshrc` file. 2. **Navigation Shortcuts:** - Use `cd -` to quickly switch to the previous directory. - Use `cd` with shortcuts like `..` for parent directories or `~` for the home directory. - Implement `pushd` and `popd` for managing directory stack: ```sh pushd /path/to/directory popd ``` 3. **Tab Completion:** Leverage tab completion to quickly fill in file and directory names. 4. **Search Command History:** Use `Ctrl + r` to reverse search through your command history. 5. **Bash/Zsh Shortcuts:** - `Ctrl + a` moves to the beginning of the line. - `Ctrl + e` moves to the end of the line. - `Ctrl + w` deletes the word before the cursor. - `Ctrl + u` deletes from the cursor to the beginning of the line. - `Ctrl + k` deletes from the cursor to the end of the line. 6. **Scripting:** Write simple scripts for repetitive tasks. For example, to navigate to a commonly used directory and open a file: ```sh #! /bin/bash cd ~/repos/the_information_nexus/tech_docs/linux vim vim.md ``` Save this as `edit_vim_docs.sh` and run it with `./edit_vim_docs.sh`. 7. **Combine Commands with && and ;:** Combine commands on a single line to streamline workflows: ```sh cd ~/repos/the_information_nexus/projects && vim The-Digital-Pulse-Series.md ``` 8. **Use `find` and `grep`:** Search for files and content within files efficiently: ```sh find . -name '*.md' grep -r 'search_term' . ``` 9. **Keyboard Macros:** Use `Ctrl + x` followed by `(` and `)` to start and end a keyboard macro in bash, which can be used to repeat a sequence of commands. 10. **Automation with `Makefile`:** Use Makefiles to define commands you often run, simplifying complex workflows: ```makefile edit_vim_docs: cd ~/repos/the_information_nexus/tech_docs/linux && vim vim.md ``` 11. **Learning Resources:** - **Books:** - "The Linux Command Line" by William Shotts - "Learning the bash Shell" by Cameron Newham - **Online Courses:** - Codecademy's Command Line course - Udemy's Linux Command Line Basics 12. **Experiment with Shell Customization:** Customize your shell prompt to include useful information like the current directory, Git branch, etc. For example, using `oh-my-zsh`: ```sh ZSH_THEME="agnoster" ``` Implementing these tips will help you become more efficient and powerful with your command-line skills. --- To enhance your Git skills, here are some detailed explanations and examples of commands and best practices: ### Basic Git Workflow 1. **Check Status:** ```sh git status ``` - Shows the current state of your working directory and staging area. - Use it frequently to keep track of changes. 2. **Add Changes:** ```sh git add . ``` - Stages all changes in the working directory. ```sh git add file_name ``` - Stages specific files. 3. **Commit Changes:** ```sh git commit -m "Your commit message" ``` - Records the staged changes in the repository with a message. - Use clear, descriptive messages. For example, "Fix typo in README.md". 4. **Push Changes:** ```sh git push origin main ``` - Uploads your local commits to the remote repository. - Ensure your local branch is up to date with `git pull` before pushing. ### Advanced Git Commands and Practices 1. **Interactive Add:** ```sh git add -p ``` - Interactively review and stage changes hunk by hunk. - Useful for staging specific parts of a file. 2. **Restore Changes:** ```sh git restore ``` - Discards changes in the working directory. - For example, `git restore README.md` will revert changes to the file. 3. **Remove Files:** ```sh git rm ``` - Stages the removal of files from the repository. - For example, `git rm old_file.txt` will remove and stage `old_file.txt` for deletion. 4. **Check Logs:** ```sh git log ``` - Shows commit history. ```sh git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all ``` - Provides a visual representation of commit history. 5. **Branching and Merging:** ```sh git branch ``` - Lists all branches. ```sh git branch new-branch ``` - Creates a new branch. ```sh git checkout new-branch ``` - Switches to the specified branch. ```sh git checkout -b new-branch ``` - Creates and switches to a new branch. ```sh git merge new-branch ``` - Merges the specified branch into the current branch. 6. **Rebasing:** ```sh git rebase main ``` - Integrates changes from another branch, maintaining a linear history. - Use `git pull --rebase` to keep your branch updated. 7. **Stashing:** ```sh git stash ``` - Temporarily saves changes. ```sh git stash apply ``` - Applies stashed changes. ```sh git stash list ``` - Lists all stashes. 8. **Resetting:** ```sh git reset --soft HEAD~1 ``` - Moves HEAD to the previous commit, keeping changes in the working directory. ```sh git reset --hard HEAD~1 ``` - Moves HEAD to the previous commit and discards changes. 9. **Tagging:** ```sh git tag v1.0 ``` - Creates a tag. ```sh git push origin v1.0 ``` - Pushes the tag to the remote repository. 10. **Reverting:** ```sh git revert ``` - Creates a new commit that undoes changes of a specific commit. - For example, `git revert abc1234` will undo changes from commit `abc1234`. ### Best Practices 1. **Write Meaningful Commit Messages:** - Use the imperative mood: "Fix bug" instead of "Fixed bug". - Separate subject from body with a blank line. - Limit the subject line to 50 characters. 2. **Use Branches for Features and Bug Fixes:** - Keep your main branch clean and stable. 3. **Regularly Pull and Rebase:** - Keep your branch up to date with the main branch by regularly pulling and rebasing. 4. **Review Changes Before Committing:** - Use `git diff` to review changes before staging and committing them. ### Additional Tools and Resources 1. **Graphical Interfaces:** - Tools like GitKraken, Sourcetree, or GitHub Desktop can help visualize changes and manage branches. 2. **Learning Resources:** - Books: "Pro Git" by Scott Chacon and Ben Straub. - Online Courses: GitHub Learning Lab, Codecademy, and Udacity. 3. **Automation with Git Hooks:** - Automate tasks with Git hooks (e.g., pre-commit, post-commit). ```sh # .git/hooks/pre-commit #!/bin/sh npm test ``` Implementing these advanced commands and best practices will help you become more proficient with Git, making version control and collaboration smoother and more efficient.