Certainly! Below is a concise yet detailed write-up on the most common diagrams used with PlantUML, including specific highlights for each use case.

---

### 1. Class Diagrams

#### Overview
Class diagrams represent the static structure of a system, displaying its classes, attributes, operations, and the relationships among objects. They are essential for modeling the object-oriented structure of a system.

#### Use Cases
- **System Design**: Define the blueprint of a system by detailing classes and their relationships.
- **Code Generation**: Serve as a basis for generating source code skeletons.
- **Documentation**: Provide clear and comprehensive documentation for developers.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Attributes and Methods**: Clearly define each class's properties and behaviors.
- **Inheritance**: Visualize class hierarchies and inheritance relationships.
- **Associations**: Represent various associations (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many).

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
class User {
  +String name
  +String email
  +login()
  +logout()
}

class Admin {
  +manageUsers()
}

User <|-- Admin
@enduml
```

---

### 2. Sequence Diagrams

#### Overview
Sequence diagrams illustrate how objects interact in a specific sequence over time. They are crucial for detailing the order of operations and message exchanges in a process.

#### Use Cases
- **Use Case Realization**: Map out the interactions required to realize a use case.
- **Debugging**: Trace the sequence of messages to identify issues in workflows.
- **Asynchronous Processes**: Model asynchronous interactions between objects.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Lifelines**: Represent the life span of an object during the interaction.
- **Messages**: Show the communication between objects, including synchronous and asynchronous messages.
- **Activation Bars**: Indicate periods when an object is active and performing an operation.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response
@enduml
```

---

### 3. Use Case Diagrams

#### Overview
Use case diagrams represent the functional requirements of a system, showing actors and their interactions with use cases. They help in capturing the system's functional aspects from an end-user perspective.

#### Use Cases
- **Requirements Gathering**: Identify and define system functionalities from a user perspective.
- **Stakeholder Communication**: Facilitate discussions with stakeholders about system capabilities.
- **Scope Definition**: Outline the system boundaries and interactions with external actors.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Actors**: Represent roles that interact with the system (e.g., users, external systems).
- **Use Cases**: Depict system functionalities and services.
- **Associations**: Show relationships between actors and use cases.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
:User: --> (Login)
:User: --> (Logout)
:Admin: --> (Manage Users)
@enduml
```

---

### 4. Component Diagrams

#### Overview
Component diagrams depict the organization and dependencies among software components, providing a high-level view of the system architecture. They are useful for visualizing the physical aspect of a system.

#### Use Cases
- **System Architecture**: Define and document the system’s high-level architecture.
- **Dependency Management**: Visualize and manage dependencies between components.
- **Deployment Planning**: Plan the deployment of components to physical nodes.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Components**: Represent reusable software components.
- **Interfaces**: Show provided and required interfaces for each component.
- **Dependencies**: Highlight dependencies between different components.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
package "Web Application" {
  [Frontend]
  [Backend]
}

[Database]

Frontend --> Backend
Backend --> Database
@enduml
```

---

### 5. Activity Diagrams

#### Overview
Activity diagrams illustrate the flow of activities in a system, emphasizing the control flow from one activity to another. They are ideal for modeling dynamic aspects of a system.

#### Use Cases
- **Workflow Modeling**: Detail the flow of control in business processes.
- **System Behavior**: Capture the dynamic behavior of a system.
- **Parallel Processes**: Model concurrent and parallel workflows.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Activities**: Represent tasks or operations performed in the process.
- **Decisions**: Show branching points in the workflow based on conditions.
- **Synchronization Bars**: Indicate parallel activities and their synchronization points.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
start
:Start Process;
:Perform Task;
if (Decision?) then (yes)
  :Task A;
else (no)
  :Task B;
endif
stop
@enduml
```

---

### 6. State Diagrams

#### Overview
State diagrams describe the behavior of a system by showing its states and transitions. They are useful for modeling the lifecycle of an object.

#### Use Cases
- **State Management**: Define and manage the various states of an object.
- **Behavior Modeling**: Model the dynamic behavior of a system.
- **Event-Driven Systems**: Capture state changes in response to events.

#### Specific Highlights
- **States**: Represent the various states an object can be in.
- **Transitions**: Show the movement from one state to another.
- **Events**: Trigger transitions between states.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
[*] --> Idle
Idle --> Processing : start
Processing --> Idle : end
@enduml
```

---

### 7. Deployment Diagrams

#### Overview
Deployment diagrams show the physical deployment of artifacts on nodes, representing the hardware and software components in a system. They are key for visualizing the physical deployment of a system.

#### Use Cases
- **Physical Architecture**: Define and document the physical deployment of a system.
- **Resource Allocation**: Plan and allocate hardware resources.
- **Deployment Planning**: Strategize the deployment process for software artifacts.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Nodes**: Represent physical or virtual hardware elements.
- **Artifacts**: Show software components deployed on the nodes.
- **Communications**: Indicate communication paths between nodes.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
node "Web Server" {
  artifact "WebApp.war"
}

node "Database Server" {
  artifact "Database"
}

node "Client" {
  [Browser]
}

Client --> Web Server
Web Server --> Database Server
@enduml
```

---

### 8. Object Diagrams

#### Overview
Object diagrams represent instances of classes at a particular point in time, similar to class diagrams but focused on specific instances.

#### Use Cases
- **System State**: Capture the state of a system at a specific moment.
- **Debugging**: Visualize object instances for debugging purposes.
- **Instance Relationships**: Show relationships between specific instances of classes.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Objects**: Represent instances of classes.
- **Attributes**: Show the values of attributes at a particular moment.
- **Links**: Indicate the relationships between objects.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
object User {
  name = "Alice"
  email = "alice@example.com"
}

object Admin {
  name = "Bob"
  manageUsers = true
}

User <|-- Admin
@enduml
```

---

### 9. Timing Diagrams

#### Overview
Timing diagrams show the behavior of objects over a particular period of time, highlighting time-based changes.

#### Use Cases
- **Temporal Behavior**: Model time-based behavior of objects.
- **Performance Analysis**: Analyze system performance over time.
- **Real-Time Systems**: Capture the timing constraints of real-time systems.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Lifelines**: Represent the existence of an object over time.
- **State Changes**: Show changes in state over time.
- **Events**: Highlight significant events and their timing.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
robust "User" as U
robust "System" as S

U -> S : request
S --> U : response
@enduml
```

---

### 10. Composite Structure Diagrams

#### Overview
Composite structure diagrams show the internal structure of a class and the collaborations that this structure makes possible. They provide a detailed view of the internal components of a system.

#### Use Cases
- **Internal Details**: Capture the internal structure of complex classes.
- **Collaboration**: Show how internal parts collaborate.
- **Component Design**: Define the detailed design of components.

#### Specific Highlights
- **Internal Components**: Represent parts of a class or component.
- **Ports and Interfaces**: Show ports and interfaces used for interaction.
- **Collaboration**: Visualize how internal parts collaborate to achieve functionality.

#### Example
```plantuml
@startuml
class Car {
    Engine engine
    Wheel[] wheels
}
@enduml
```

---

### Conclusion
PlantUML is a powerful tool for creating a wide range of diagrams, providing a text-based approach to diagramming that is both versatile and integrative. By leveraging these diagrams, you can effectively model, document, and communicate various aspects of a system, from high-level architecture to detailed design.