Update tech_docs/cloud/aws_notes.md
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Here’s a **30-day hands-on exercise plan** to build muscle memory for hybrid/multi-cloud networking, using free or low-cost tools. Start with foundational drills and progress to real-world scenarios:
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---
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### **Week 1: Core Hybrid Connectivity**
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#### **Exercise 1: Site-to-Site VPN (AWS ↔ On-Prem)**
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**Goal**: Simulate a branch office connection.
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**Steps**:
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1. **AWS Side**:
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```bash
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# Create a Virtual Private Gateway (VGW)
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aws ec2 create-vpn-gateway --type ipsec.1 --tag-specifications 'ResourceType=vgw,Tags=[{Key=Name,Value=Lab-VGW}]'
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```
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2. **On-Prem Side**:
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- Use a **free VPN appliance** (Sophos XG Home Edition or pfSense).
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- Configure IPsec tunnel to AWS VGW using [AWS-generated config](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpn/latest/s2svpn/SetUpVPNConnections.html).
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**Validation**:
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```bash
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# Check tunnel status
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aws ec2 describe-vpn-connections --query 'VpnConnections[].VgwTelemetry[].Status'
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```
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#### **Exercise 2: Direct Connect BGP Tuning**
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**Goal**: Optimize BGP for failover.
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**Steps**:
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1. Simulate Direct Connect with **AWS VPN + BGP**:
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```bash
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aws ec2 create-vpn-connection \
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--type ipsec.1 \
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--customer-gateway-id <cgw-id> \
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--vpn-gateway-id <vgw-id> \
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--options "{\"TunnelOptions\": [{\"TunnelInsideCidr\": \"169.254.100.0/30\", \"BGPConfig\": {\"Asn\": 65001}}]}"
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```
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2. Adjust BGP timers:
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```bash
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# On Linux (FRRouting)
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vtysh -c "configure terminal" -c "router bgp 65001" -c "timers bgp 10 30"
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```
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**Pro Tip**: Use `tcpdump` to verify BGP keepalives:
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```bash
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sudo tcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 179 and (tcp-syn|tcp-ack)!=0' -vv
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```
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---
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### **Week 2: Multi-Cloud Networking**
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#### **Exercise 3: AWS TGW ↔ Azure vWAN**
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**Goal**: Connect AWS and Azure without public internet.
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**Steps**:
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1. **AWS Side**:
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```bash
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# Create Transit Gateway attachment
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aws ec2 create-transit-gateway-vpc-attachment \
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--transit-gateway-id tgw-123 \
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--vpc-id vpc-abc \
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--subnet-ids subnet-456
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```
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2. **Azure Side**:
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```powershell
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# Create Virtual WAN connection
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New-AzVirtualHubVnetConnection -ResourceGroupName "rg1" -VirtualHubName "hub1" -Name "aws-conn" -RemoteVirtualNetworkId "/subscriptions/.../vnet-xyz"
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```
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**Validation**:
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- Ping an Azure VM from an AWS EC2 instance over private IPs.
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#### **Exercise 4: Google Cloud Interconnect**
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**Goal**: Set up VLAN attachment between GCP and AWS.
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**Steps**:
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1. In **GCP Console**:
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- Create a **Cloud Interconnect VLAN Attachment**.
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2. **AWS Side**:
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- Configure a **Direct Connect Gateway**.
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**Pro Tip**: Use `gcloud` to verify:
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```bash
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gcloud compute interconnects attachments describe aws-attachment --region us-central1
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```
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---
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### **Week 3: Zero Trust & Security**
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#### **Exercise 5: Replace VPN with Tailscale**
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**Goal**: Implement identity-based access.
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**Steps**:
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1. **On-Prem Server**:
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://tailscale.com/install.sh | sh
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tailscale up --advertise-routes=10.0.1.0/24 --accept-routes
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```
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2. **AWS EC2 Instance**:
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```bash
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tailscale up --exit-node=<on-prem-server-ip>
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```
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**Validation**:
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```bash
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# Access on-prem resources from AWS without VPN
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ping 10.0.1.100
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```
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#### **Exercise 6: Microsegmentation with Calico**
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**Goal**: Enforce L3-L4 policies across clouds.
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**Steps**:
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1. **Deploy Calico on EKS**:
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
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```
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2. **Block cross-namespace traffic**:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: projectcalico.org/v3
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kind: NetworkPolicy
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metadata:
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name: deny-cross-ns
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spec:
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selector: all()
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types: [Ingress, Egress]
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ingress:
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- action: Deny
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source:
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namespaceSelector: "!projectcalico.org/name == 'default'"
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```
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**Validation**:
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```bash
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kubectl exec -it pod1 -- curl pod2.default.svc.cluster.local
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# Should fail
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```
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---
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### **Week 4: Observability & Troubleshooting**
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#### **Exercise 7: Unified Flow Logs**
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**Goal**: Correlate AWS VPC Flow Logs + on-prem NetFlow.
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**Steps**:
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1. **AWS Side**:
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```bash
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aws ec2 create-flow-logs --resource-type VPC --resource-id vpc-123 --traffic-type ALL --log-destination-type s3 --log-destination "arn:aws:s3:::my-flow-logs"
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```
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2. **On-Prem Side**:
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- Configure **ntopng** or **Elasticsearch** to ingest NetFlow.
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**Query**:
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```sql
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-- Find top talkers across environments
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SELECT src_addr, SUM(bytes) FROM flow_logs GROUP BY src_addr ORDER BY SUM(bytes) DESC;
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```
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#### **Exercise 8: Break & Fix (Chaos Engineering)**
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**Goal**: Simulate hybrid network failures.
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**Steps**:
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1. **Induce BGP Flapping**:
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```bash
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# On Linux (FRRouting)
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vtysh -c "configure terminal" -c "router bgp 65001" -c "timers bgp 30 90"
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```
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2. **Monitor Impact**:
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- Use **CloudWatch Metrics** (AWS) + **Azure Monitor**.
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**Fix**:
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```bash
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vtysh -c "configure terminal" -c "router bgp 65001" -c "timers bgp 10 30"
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```
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---
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### **Daily Drills (5-10 mins)**
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1. **`tcpdump` Warmup**:
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```bash
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sudo tcpdump -i eth0 'icmp' -c 5 -nnvv
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```
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2. **BGP Quick Check**:
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```bash
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vtysh -c "show ip bgp summary"
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```
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3. **Cost Hygiene**:
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```bash
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aws ce get-cost-and-usage --time-period Start=$(date +%Y-%m-01),End=$(date +%Y-%m-%d) --granularity DAILY --metrics "UnblendedCost"
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```
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---
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### **Tools to Keep Sharp**
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| Skill | Free Tools to Practice With |
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|-----------------------|---------------------------------------------|
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| **BGP** | FRRouting, Bird |
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| **VPN/IPsec** | StrongSwan, pfSense |
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| **Zero Trust** | Tailscale (free plan), OpenZiti |
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| **K8s Networking** | Minikube + Calico |
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| **Observability** | ntopng, Elasticsearch (free tier) |
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---
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### **Pro Tips for Muscle Memory**
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- **Repetition**: Do each exercise 3x until commands flow without thinking.
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- **Break Things**: Intentionally misconfigure BGP/VPNs, then troubleshoot.
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- **Keep Notes**: Log commands and fixes in a personal GitHub repo.
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**Next-Level Challenge**: Set up a **multi-cloud failover** where traffic shifts from AWS → Azure if latency exceeds 50ms (using **Cloudflare Load Balancer**).
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Want the **step-by-step break/fix guide** for any exercise? I can draft a detailed playbook!
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---
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To complete your **networking trifecta**, you need a specialization that bridges the gap between traditional infrastructure and cloud-native environments while addressing modern architectural challenges. The **third pillar** should be:
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### **Hybrid & Multi-Cloud Networking**
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