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tech_docs/PlantUML.md
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Certainly! Below is a concise yet detailed write-up on the most common diagrams used with PlantUML, including specific highlights for each use case.
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---
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### 1. Class Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Class diagrams represent the static structure of a system, displaying its classes, attributes, operations, and the relationships among objects. They are essential for modeling the object-oriented structure of a system.
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#### Use Cases
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- **System Design**: Define the blueprint of a system by detailing classes and their relationships.
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- **Code Generation**: Serve as a basis for generating source code skeletons.
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- **Documentation**: Provide clear and comprehensive documentation for developers.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Attributes and Methods**: Clearly define each class's properties and behaviors.
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- **Inheritance**: Visualize class hierarchies and inheritance relationships.
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- **Associations**: Represent various associations (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many).
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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class User {
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+String name
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+String email
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+login()
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+logout()
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}
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class Admin {
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+manageUsers()
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}
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User <|-- Admin
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 2. Sequence Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Sequence diagrams illustrate how objects interact in a specific sequence over time. They are crucial for detailing the order of operations and message exchanges in a process.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Use Case Realization**: Map out the interactions required to realize a use case.
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- **Debugging**: Trace the sequence of messages to identify issues in workflows.
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- **Asynchronous Processes**: Model asynchronous interactions between objects.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Lifelines**: Represent the life span of an object during the interaction.
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- **Messages**: Show the communication between objects, including synchronous and asynchronous messages.
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- **Activation Bars**: Indicate periods when an object is active and performing an operation.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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Alice -> Bob: Authentication Request
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Bob --> Alice: Authentication Response
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Alice -> Bob: Another authentication Request
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Alice <-- Bob: Another authentication Response
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 3. Use Case Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Use case diagrams represent the functional requirements of a system, showing actors and their interactions with use cases. They help in capturing the system's functional aspects from an end-user perspective.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Requirements Gathering**: Identify and define system functionalities from a user perspective.
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- **Stakeholder Communication**: Facilitate discussions with stakeholders about system capabilities.
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- **Scope Definition**: Outline the system boundaries and interactions with external actors.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Actors**: Represent roles that interact with the system (e.g., users, external systems).
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- **Use Cases**: Depict system functionalities and services.
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- **Associations**: Show relationships between actors and use cases.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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:User: --> (Login)
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:User: --> (Logout)
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:Admin: --> (Manage Users)
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 4. Component Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Component diagrams depict the organization and dependencies among software components, providing a high-level view of the system architecture. They are useful for visualizing the physical aspect of a system.
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#### Use Cases
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- **System Architecture**: Define and document the system’s high-level architecture.
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- **Dependency Management**: Visualize and manage dependencies between components.
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- **Deployment Planning**: Plan the deployment of components to physical nodes.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Components**: Represent reusable software components.
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- **Interfaces**: Show provided and required interfaces for each component.
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- **Dependencies**: Highlight dependencies between different components.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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package "Web Application" {
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[Frontend]
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[Backend]
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}
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[Database]
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Frontend --> Backend
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Backend --> Database
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 5. Activity Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Activity diagrams illustrate the flow of activities in a system, emphasizing the control flow from one activity to another. They are ideal for modeling dynamic aspects of a system.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Workflow Modeling**: Detail the flow of control in business processes.
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- **System Behavior**: Capture the dynamic behavior of a system.
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- **Parallel Processes**: Model concurrent and parallel workflows.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Activities**: Represent tasks or operations performed in the process.
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- **Decisions**: Show branching points in the workflow based on conditions.
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- **Synchronization Bars**: Indicate parallel activities and their synchronization points.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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start
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:Start Process;
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:Perform Task;
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if (Decision?) then (yes)
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:Task A;
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else (no)
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:Task B;
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endif
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stop
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 6. State Diagrams
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#### Overview
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State diagrams describe the behavior of a system by showing its states and transitions. They are useful for modeling the lifecycle of an object.
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#### Use Cases
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- **State Management**: Define and manage the various states of an object.
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- **Behavior Modeling**: Model the dynamic behavior of a system.
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- **Event-Driven Systems**: Capture state changes in response to events.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **States**: Represent the various states an object can be in.
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- **Transitions**: Show the movement from one state to another.
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- **Events**: Trigger transitions between states.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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[*] --> Idle
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Idle --> Processing : start
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Processing --> Idle : end
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 7. Deployment Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Deployment diagrams show the physical deployment of artifacts on nodes, representing the hardware and software components in a system. They are key for visualizing the physical deployment of a system.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Physical Architecture**: Define and document the physical deployment of a system.
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- **Resource Allocation**: Plan and allocate hardware resources.
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- **Deployment Planning**: Strategize the deployment process for software artifacts.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Nodes**: Represent physical or virtual hardware elements.
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- **Artifacts**: Show software components deployed on the nodes.
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- **Communications**: Indicate communication paths between nodes.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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node "Web Server" {
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artifact "WebApp.war"
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}
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node "Database Server" {
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artifact "Database"
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}
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node "Client" {
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[Browser]
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}
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Client --> Web Server
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Web Server --> Database Server
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 8. Object Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Object diagrams represent instances of classes at a particular point in time, similar to class diagrams but focused on specific instances.
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#### Use Cases
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- **System State**: Capture the state of a system at a specific moment.
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- **Debugging**: Visualize object instances for debugging purposes.
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- **Instance Relationships**: Show relationships between specific instances of classes.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Objects**: Represent instances of classes.
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- **Attributes**: Show the values of attributes at a particular moment.
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- **Links**: Indicate the relationships between objects.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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object User {
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name = "Alice"
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email = "alice@example.com"
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}
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object Admin {
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name = "Bob"
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manageUsers = true
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}
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User <|-- Admin
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 9. Timing Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Timing diagrams show the behavior of objects over a particular period of time, highlighting time-based changes.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Temporal Behavior**: Model time-based behavior of objects.
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- **Performance Analysis**: Analyze system performance over time.
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- **Real-Time Systems**: Capture the timing constraints of real-time systems.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Lifelines**: Represent the existence of an object over time.
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- **State Changes**: Show changes in state over time.
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- **Events**: Highlight significant events and their timing.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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robust "User" as U
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robust "System" as S
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U -> S : request
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S --> U : response
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### 10. Composite Structure Diagrams
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#### Overview
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Composite structure diagrams show the internal structure of a class and the collaborations that this structure makes possible. They provide a detailed view of the internal components of a system.
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#### Use Cases
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- **Internal Details**: Capture the internal structure of complex classes.
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- **Collaboration**: Show how internal parts collaborate.
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- **Component Design**: Define the detailed design of components.
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#### Specific Highlights
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- **Internal Components**: Represent parts of a class or component.
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- **Ports and Interfaces**: Show ports and interfaces used for interaction.
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- **Collaboration**: Visualize how internal parts collaborate to achieve functionality.
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#### Example
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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class Car {
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Engine engine
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Wheel[] wheels
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}
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@enduml
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```
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---
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### Conclusion
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PlantUML is a powerful tool for creating a wide range of diagrams, providing a text-based approach to diagramming that is both versatile and integrative. By leveraging these diagrams, you can effectively model, document, and communicate various aspects of a system, from high-level architecture to detailed design.
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