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In the intersection of Python and Linux for automation and process management, Supervisor emerges as a critical tool. Supervisor is a client/server system that allows its users to monitor and control a number of processes on UNIX-like operating systems. It's designed to start processes at boot and keep them running in the desired state according to a configuration file. While Supervisor itself is an application written in Python, it effectively utilizes Python's capabilities to manage system processes, making it an indispensable tool for managing a complex environment of Python applications and scripts.
Supervisor Reference Guide
Installation
Supervisor can be installed via pip, but it may require system-level privileges to install globally or configure certain aspects:
pip install supervisor
Configuration
Supervisor relies on a configuration file, typically named supervisord.conf, to determine which programs it should manage. The configuration file specifies how each program should be started, how many instances should run, how they should be restarted if they exit, and more.
Sample Configuration
Here's a basic example of what entries in a supervisord.conf file might look like:
[supervisord]
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log
loglevel=info
user=root
[program:your_program]
command=/usr/bin/python3 /path/to/your_script.py
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stderr_logfile=/var/log/your_program.err.log
stdout_logfile=/var/log/your_program.out.log
Managing Processes
Once Supervisor is installed and configured, you can use the supervisorctl command to manage processes defined in the configuration file.
Starting Supervisor
To start Supervisor with your configuration:
supervisord -c /path/to/your/supervisord.conf
Using supervisorctl
supervisorctl provides a command-line interface to interact with the supervisord process:
- To start a program:
supervisorctl start your_program - To stop a program:
supervisorctl stop your_program - To restart a program:
supervisorctl restart your_program - To view the status of all programs:
supervisorctl status
Web Interface
Supervisor can be configured to provide a web-based interface for monitoring and controlling processes. This is particularly useful for managing multiple processes across different servers.
[inet_http_server]
port=127.0.0.1:9001
username=user ; Basic auth username
password=secret ; Basic auth password
Adding the above section to your supervisord.conf enables the web interface.
Integration with Python and Linux
- Custom Scripts: Supervisor can manage any process, including Python scripts, making it ideal for Python developers needing to ensure their scripts run continuously.
- Linux System Integration: It integrates seamlessly with Linux systems, allowing Python applications to be started at boot and monitored.
- Log Management: Supervisor handles logging for all managed processes, simplifying the debugging and monitoring of Python applications.
Use Cases
Supervisor is extensively used in environments where Python applications need to be kept running in the background indefinitely, such as web applications, data processing scripts, or any long-running Python service.
Security Considerations
When using Supervisor, especially when exposing the web interface, ensure that access is properly secured to prevent unauthorized control over your processes.
Supervisor bridges the world of Python application development with Linux system administration, providing a robust toolset for managing long-running Python applications. Its ability to ensure that processes are always running in their desired state, coupled with powerful configuration and management capabilities, makes it an essential tool for developers and system administrators alike.