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the_information_nexus/tech_docs/linux/linux_show.md
Whisker Jones a37bcf85ef add additional Linux show commands
2024-05-22 16:06:03 -06:00

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General System Information

  • hostnamectl: Displays system hostname and identification data.
  • lsb_release -a: Provides LSB (Linux Standard Base) information about the distribution.
  • cat /etc/os-release: Shows information about the operating system, such as name, version, and ID.
  • uname -n: Displays the system's network node hostname.
  • uname -r: Shows the kernel release.

Kernel and System Version

  • cat /proc/version: Shows the Linux kernel version and related information.
  • uname -a: Displays kernel version, architecture, and other system information.
  • uname -r: Displays the kernel release version.
  • uname -v: Shows the kernel version and build date.
  • dmesg | grep -i linux: Displays boot-time messages, which often include kernel version information.

System Uptime and Load

  • uptime: Displays system uptime and load averages, useful for monitoring system performance.
  • w: Shows who is logged on and their activity, along with system uptime.
  • top -n 1 | head -n 10: Provides a quick snapshot of the system's uptime and load without continuous updating.

Hardware Information

  • lscpu: Shows detailed information about the CPU architecture.
  • lsblk: Lists information about block devices, such as hard drives and their partitions.
  • lspci: Lists PCI devices, providing details about internal hardware components.
  • lsusb: Lists USB devices connected to the system.
  • dmidecode: Outputs hardware information from the BIOS/UEFI, including system manufacturer, model, and serial number.
  • free -h: Displays memory usage in a human-readable format.
  • inxi -Fxz: Provides comprehensive system information, including hardware, network, and software details (requires installation).

Network Information

  • ip addr show: Shows IP addresses and network interfaces.
  • netstat -tuln: Displays listening sockets and associated programs, useful for network troubleshooting.
  • ss -tuln: Modern alternative to netstat, showing listening sockets and their statuses.
  • ifconfig: (Deprecated) Displays network interface information; ip addr is recommended for newer systems.
  • ip link show: Shows detailed information about network interfaces.

Disk Usage

  • df -h: Shows disk space usage in a human-readable format.
  • du -h: Estimates file space usage, providing details on disk usage of files and directories.
  • lsblk -f: Displays file system information for each block device.
  • df -i: Shows inode usage of file systems.

Process Information

  • ps aux: Lists all running processes with detailed information, including user, PID, CPU, and memory usage.
  • top: Provides real-time information about running processes and system resources, sorted by CPU usage.
  • htop: An interactive version of top with a more user-friendly interface for monitoring processes and system resources.
  • pstree: Displays running processes as a tree, showing parent-child relationships.
  • pgrep -l : Searches for processes matching a pattern.
  • pidstat: Provides detailed statistics on CPU, memory, and I/O usage per process.

Additional Useful Commands

  • dmesg | less: Views kernel ring buffer messages.
  • journalctl -xe: Views the systemd journal for debugging and log information.
  • vmstat: Provides detailed information on system processes, memory, paging, block I/O, traps, and CPU activity.
  • iostat: Provides CPU and I/O statistics, useful for identifying bottlenecks.