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the_information_nexus/docs/tech_docs/linux-troubleshooting.md

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Comprehensive Linux Troubleshooting Tools Guide

This guide provides an overview of key packages and their included tools for effective troubleshooting in Linux environments, specifically tailored for RHEL and Debian-based distributions.

Tools Commonly Included in Most Linux Distributions

  • GNU Coreutils: A collection of basic file, shell, and text manipulation utilities. Key tools include:

    • df: Reports file system disk space usage.
    • du: Estimates file space usage.

  • Util-linux: A suite of essential utilities for system administration. Key tools include:

    • dmesg: Examines or controls the kernel ring buffer.

  • IPUtils: Provides tools for network diagnostics. Key tools include:

    • ping: Checks connectivity with hosts.
    • traceroute: Traces the route taken by packets to reach a network host.

RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) and Derivatives

  • Procps-ng: Offers utilities that provide information about processes. Key tools include:

    • top: Displays real-time system summary and task list.
    • vmstat: Reports virtual memory statistics.

  • Net-tools: A collection of programs for controlling the network subsystem of the Linux kernel. Includes:

    • netstat: Shows network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics.

  • IPRoute: Modern replacement for net-tools. Key utility:

    • ss: Investigates sockets.

  • Sysstat: Contains utilities to monitor system performance and usage. Notable tools:

    • iostat: Monitors system I/O device loading.
    • sar: Collects and reports system activity information.

  • EPEL Repository (for tools not included by default):

    • htop: An interactive process viewer, enhanced version of top.

Debian and Derivatives

  • Procps: Similar to procps-ng in RHEL, it provides process monitoring utilities. Key tools include:

    • top: For real-time process monitoring.
    • vmstat: For reporting virtual memory statistics.

  • Net-tools: As with RHEL, includes essential networking tools like netstat.

  • IPRoute2: A collection of utilities for controlling and monitoring various aspects of networking in the Linux kernel, featuring:

    • ss: A utility for inspecting sockets.

  • Sysstat: Similar to its usage in RHEL, includes tools like iostat and sar for performance monitoring.

Conclusion

This guide emphasizes the importance of familiarizing oneself with the tools included in standard Linux packages. Whether you are operating in a RHEL or Debian-based environment, understanding the capabilities of these tools and their respective packages is crucial for effective troubleshooting and system monitoring.